Juggernaut 2: The Story of the Fourth National Government is a podcast in six parts for The Spinoff, made with the support of NZ On Air.
Host & Writer: Toby Manhire
Producer: Jin Fellet
Audio Editor & Sound Designer: Te Aihe Butler
Executive Producers: Sophie Dowson, Duncan Greive & Toby Manhire
Researcher: Henry Cooke
Graphic Designer: Lauren Maree Stewart
Video Editor: Isaiah Tour
Archive assistant: Maddie Walker
Thank you to Amber Easby, Mad Chapman, Anna Rawhiti-Connell, Ben Fagan, Liam Rātana, Tina Tiller and everyone at The Spinoff; Steve Russell, Ngā Taonga Sound and Vision, The Public Good, Wayne Eagleson, Rebecca Macfie, Brad Tattersfield, Annabelle Lee-Mather, Phil Pinner, Linda Clark, Chris Wikaira, Chris Bishop, Auckland Library, National Library, the Bolger family, Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu, Waikato Tainui, Getty, and everyone who made the time to speak with us.
Bibliography
Alley, Roderic (ed), New Zealand in World Affairs IV, 1990–2005, Victoria University Press, 2007
Armstrong, Dave, True Colours, Victoria University Press, 1997
Bolger, Jim, A View from the Top: My Seven Years as Prime Minister, Viking, 1998
Boston, Jonathan (ed), The Decent Society? Essays in Response to National’s Economic and Social Policies, Oxford University Press, 1992
Boston, Jonathan (ed), New Zealand under MMP, Auckland University Press, 1996
Boston, Jonathan (ed), From Campaign to Coalition: New Zealand’s First General Election under Proportional Representation, Victoria University Press, 1997
Boston, Jonathan (ed), The State under Contract, Bridget Williams Books, 1995
Brash, Don, Incredible Luck, 2014
Clark, Margaret (ed), The Bolger Years, 1990–1997, Dunmore Publishing, 2008
Crocker, Therese Suzanne, Settling Treaty Claims: The Formation of Policy on Treaty of Waitangi Claims in the Pioneering Years, 1988–1998, Victoria University Press, 2016
Cullen, Michael, Labour Saving: A Memoir, Allen & Unwin, 2021
Dunne, Peter, In the Centre of Things, 2005
Durie, Mason, Te Mana, Te Kāwanatanga: The Politics of Māori Self-Determination, Oxford University Press, 1998
Edwards, Brian, Helen: Portrait of a Prime Minister, Exisle Publishing, 2001
Fisher, Martin, A Long Time Coming: The Story of Ngāi Tahu’s Treaty Settlement Negotiations with the Crown, Canterbury University Press, 2020
Gardiner, Wira, What Really Happened at the Fiscal Envelope Hui, GP Publications, 1996
Graham, Douglas, Trick or Treaty? Institute of Policy Studies, 1997
Grant, David, Man for All Seasons: The Life and Times of Ken Douglas, Steele Roberts, 2010
Grant, David, Anderton: His Life and Times, Massey University Press, 2022
Hughes, Gareth, A Gentle Radical: The Life of Jeanette Fitzsimons, Allen & Unwin, 2022
Jackson, William Keith, New Zealand Adopts Proportional Representation: Accident? Design? Evolution? Dunmore Press, 1998
Jesson, Bruce, To Build a Nation: Collected Writings 1975–1999, Otago University Press, 2005
Kelsey, Jane, The New Zealand Experiment: A World Model for Structural Adjustment? Auckland University Press, 1997
Laws, Michael, The Demon Profession, HarperCollins, 1998
Macfie, Rebecca, Helen Kelly: Her Life, Awa Press, 2021
McRobie, Alan (ed), Taking It to the People? The New Zealand Electoral Referendum Debate, University of Canterbury Press, 1993
National Party, Manifesto ’93: Stepping Out on the Path to 2010 — The Spirit of Recovery, National Party, 1993
National Party, Path to 2010: Securing a Future for New Zealanders to Share, National Party, 2013
New Zealand Council of Trade Unions (NZCTU), Labour Market Reform & Economic Recovery: Impact of the Employment Contracts Bill, NZCTU, 1994
Ngaitahu.iwi.nz
O’Brien, Terence, Consolations of Insignificance: A New Zealand Diplomatic Memoir, Victoria University Press, 2024
Quigley, Derek, Challenging the Status Quo, 2025
Richardson, Ruth, Making a Difference, Shoal Bay Press, 1995
State and Sovereignty: Is the State in Retreat? Papers from the Thirty-First Foreign Policy School, University of Otago, 1996
The Backbench View of the First Half of the National Government Term, 1990–1993, Parliamentary Service, 1992
Somers, Edward et al., The Safety of Nuclear Powered Ships: Report, Ministry of Transport, 1992
Tattersfield, Brad, Bill Birch: Minister of Everything, Upstart Press, 2020
Waikatotainui.com
Welch, Denis, Helen Clark: A Political Life, Penguin, 2009
Archival audio
Episode one: A Decent Society
Archival audio in this podcast from the RNZ collection at Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision:
ID140861 Checkpoint. 1990-09-28
ID140843 Checkpoint. 1990-09-03
ID140844 Checkpoint. 1990-09-04
ID140858 Checkpoint. 1990-09-25
ID140872 Checkpoint. 1990-10-11
ID26659 MORNING REPORT. 1984-06-14, [SNAP ELECTION ANNOUNCED].
IDF93302 PARTY POLITICAL BROADCASTS 2. 04/08/1987
IDC1555 NATIONAL PARTY 1975. SUPERANNUATION. “Dancing Cossacks”
ID6128 NATIONAL PARTY NUCLEAR POLICY
IDF101287 Party Political Broadcast. National Opening. 02/10/1990
ID7586 Insight. 1990, Insight Review Of 1990
ID140904 Checkpoint. 1990-11-26
IDF101953 PARTY POLITICAL BROADCASTS. CLOSING ADDRESSES. 26/10/1990
ID21666 SIR ROBERT MULDOON – COMPILATION
ID140333 Checkpoint. 1988-07-29
ID140713 Checkpoint. 1990-03-02
ID140888 Checkpoint. 1990-11-02
ID140890 Checkpoint. 1990-11-06
ID140902 Checkpoint. 1990-11-22
ID7374 GMNZ; Aramoana massacre -12 dead/township closed/comments
ID140922 Checkpoint. 1990-12-20
ID140923 Checkpoint. 1990-12-21
ID57502 Morning Report 1990-09-19
ID141113 CHECKPOINT 1991-10-02
ID141069 CHECKPOINT 1991-08-05
ID141022 Checkpoint. 1991-05-30
Episode two: The Mother of All Budgets
Archival audio in this podcast from the RNZ collection at Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision:
ID140925 CHECKPOINT 1991-01-16
ID204315 Insight. 1991, Insight 91, Review
ID141069 CHECKPOINT 1991-08-05
ID140963 Checkpoint 1991-03-08
ID141022 Checkpoint. 1991-05-30
ID141113 CHECKPOINT 1991-10-02
ID140930 Checkpoint. 1991-01-23
ID140929 Checkpoint. 1991-01-22
ID140957 Checkpoint. 1991-02-28
ID140958 Checkpoint. 1991-03-01
ID140953 Checkpoint. 1991-02-22
ID140941 Checkpoint. 1991-02-08
ID140923 Checkpoint. 1990-12-21
ID192531 Checkpoint. 1991-05-14
ID140956 Checkpoint. 1991-02-27
ID140946 Checkpoint. 1991-02-15
ID140952 Checkpoint. 1991-02-21
ID140961 Checkpoint. 1991-03-06
ID141241 Checkpoint. 1992-04-13
ID140992 CHECKPOINT 1991-04-18
ID16579 Insight. 1992-01-24. [Employment Contracts Act].
ID140981 Checkpoint 1991-04-04
ID140999 Checkpoint. 1991-04-30
ID25163 Checkpoint. 1991-07-30, [Budget – 1991].
ID141066 CHECKPOINT 1991-07-31
ID57703 Morning report. 1991-07-31
ID141068 Checkpoint. 1991-08-02
IDF101287 Party Political Broadcast. National Opening. 02/10/1990
ID141077 CHECKPOINT 1991-08-15
ID141043 CHECKPOINT 1991-07-01
ID140960 Checkpoint. 1991-03-05
ID38219 Morning report. 1991-10-03
ID57509 Morning report. 1990-09-28
ID21666 SIR ROBERT MULDOON – COMPILATION
ID14230 Checkpoint. 1992-08-05, [Obituary – death of Robert Muldoon]
ID58248 Morning report. 1993-10-29
ID58255 Morning report. 1993-11-08
ID204804 Insight ’93 – The year in Review, 26 December 1993
Lynch Music, Bruce Lynch
TVNZ via Getty Images
Episode three: Bugger the Pollsters
Archival audio in this podcast from the RNZ collection at Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision:
ID141157 Checkpoint. 1991-11-29
ID58248 Morning report. 1993-10-29
ID58111 Morning report. 1993-04-19
ID57784 Morning report. 1991-11-28
ID141190 Checkpoint. 1992-02-03
ID141196 Checkpoint. 1992-02-12
ID141198 Checkpoint. 1992-02-14
ID141199 Checkpoint. 1992-02-16
ID14230 Checkpoint. 1992-08-05, [Obituary – death of Robert Muldoon].
ID58203 Morning report. 1993-08-26
ID141309 Checkpoint. 1992-07-21
ID58015 Morning report. 1992-11-18
ID19040 NATIONAL PARTY – VOTE TO EXPEL PETERS
ID58175 Morning report. 1993-07-19
ID141576 Checkpoint. 1993-08-24
ID58094 Morning report. 1993-03-22
ID141297 Checkpoint. 1992-07-03
ID141422 CHECKPOINT 1992-12-24
ID204804 Insight ’93 – The year in Review, 26 December 1993
ID141471 Checkpoint. 1993-03-25
ID140944 Checkpoint. 1991-02-13
ID58164 Morning report. 1993-07-02
ID57940 Morning report. 1992-07-28
ID141322 Checkpoint. 1992-08-07
ID141619 Checkpoint. 1993-10-22
IDC23806 NATIONAL PARTY. 60 EVERYTHING
ID58255 Morning report. 1993-11-08
ID204802 Insight ’93. The year in Politics. 1993-12-12
ID58273 Morning report. 1993-12-02
ID20813 RUTH RICHARDSON’S RESIGNATION ON NEWSTALK ZB
ID141778 Checkpoint. 1994-07-14
ID141628 Checkpoint. 1993-11-05
ID58244 Morning report. 1993-10-22
ID13276 LABOUR PARTY – MIKE MOORE DEPOSED AS LABOUR LEADER
ID204851 Insight ’94. 1994, The Year in Review. 1995-01-01
ID141082 Checkpoint. 1991-08-22
ID141491 Checkpoint. 1993-04-26
ID37431 Checkpoint. 1996-12-11
ID59018 Morning report. 1996-12-11
Episode four: One for a Party, One for a Person
Archival audio in this podcast from the RNZ collection at Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision:
ID10840 MOBIL RADIO AWARDS 1993 – FINALIST – Best News Story – “Waking Up To Reform” – 1992 electoral reform referendum.
ID17193 NEWS HIGHLIGHTS OF 1994
ID24478 COALITION AGREEMENT ANNOUNCEMENT 1996
ID37431 Checkpoint. 1996-12-11
ID57976 Morning report. 1992-09-21
ID58255 Morning report. 1993-11-08
ID58362 Morning report. 1994-04-22
ID58440 Morning report. 1994-08-19
ID58634 Morning report. 1995-06-09
ID58827 Morning report. 1996-03-13
ID58953 Morning report. 1996-09-11
ID59018 Morning report. 1996-12-11
ID141491 Checkpoint. 1993-04-26
ID142366 Checkpoint. 1996-10-08
ID158072 Checkpoint. 1988-11-03
ID204752 Insight ’92. Referendum. 1992-09-21
ID204851 Insight ’94. 1994, The Year in Review. 1995-01-01
ID204938 Insight ’96. News Review 1996. 1996-12-29
ID59015 Morning report. 1996-12-06
ID58719 Morning report. 1995-10-06
ID58552 Morning report. 1995-02-08
ID141778 Checkpoint. 1994-07-14
ID141619 Checkpoint. 1993-10-22
ID140849 Checkpoint. 1990-09-11
ID141082 Checkpoint. 1991-08-22
ID141564 Checkpoint. 1993-08-06
ID141611 Checkpoint. 1993-10-12
ID141636 Checkpoint. 1993-11-17
ID142083 Checkpoint. 1995-10-12
ID142245 Checkpoint. 1996-04-23
ID58543 Morning report. 1995-01-25
ID58691 Morning report. 1995-08-29
ID58811 Morning report. 1996-02-21
ID58927 Morning report. 1996-08-06
ID59024 Morning report. 1996-12-19
ID23017 Insight 1996. MMP revisited
ID27308 Checkpoint. 1998-09-29, [Ngai Tahu settlement] ; Morning report. 1998-09-30, [Ngai Tahu Claims Settlement Act]
ID52543 Whenua. 16/11/97 ( Part 2 of 2 )
ID141914 Checkpoint. 1995-02-17
Revolution, written and produced by Marcia Russell
Campaign, directed and produced by Tony Sutorius
Episode five: The Seven Generations Fight
Archival audio in this podcast from the RNZ collection at Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision:
ID140687 Checkpoint. 1990-01-24
ID141017 Checkpoint. 1991-05-23
ID141914 Checkpoint. 1995-02-17
ID142088 Checkpoint. 1995-10-19
ID26912 Checkpoint. 1998-09-29, [Ngai Tahu claim settled in parliament]
ID27308 Checkpoint. 1998-09-29, [Ngai Tahu settlement] ; Morning report. 1998-09-30, [Ngai Tahu Claims Settlement Act]
ID7586 Insight. 1990, Insight Review Of 1990
ID57355 Morning report. 1990-02-07
ID57978 Morning report. 1992-09-24
ID50893 Ngā Manu Tāiko: Sir Robert Mahuta
IDF101953 PARTY POLITICAL BROADCASTS. CLOSING ADDRESSES. 26/10/1990
ID52543 Whenua. 16/11/97 ( Part 2 of 2 )
ID58552 Morning report. 1995-02-08
ID19856 Morning report. 1995-03-30, TALKBACK RADIO – JOHN CARTER
ID58578 Morning report. 1995-03-16
ID141975 Checkpoint. 1995-05-15
ID58705 Morning report. 1995-09-18
ID59215 Morning report. 1997-10-03
ID142544 Checkpoint. 1997-09-24
ID142571 Checkpoint. 1997-11-04
ID142766 Checkpoint. 1998-08-18
Radio New Zealand
TVNZ via Getty Images
The Single Object
Episode six: The Prime Minister Is Not a Person
Archival audio in this podcast from the RNZ collection at Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision:
ID234972 [1999 post election coverage]. 1999-11-28. 8:00–10:00
ID142447 Checkpoint. 1997-03-06
ID142544 Checkpoint. 1997-09-24
ID142570 Checkpoint. 1997-11-03
ID142571 Checkpoint. 1997-11-04
ID142572 Checkpoint. 1997-11-05
ID142763 Checkpoint. 1998-08-13
ID142764 Checkpoint. 1998-08-14
ID142766 Checkpoint. 1998-08-18
ID204851 Insight’ 94. 1994, The Year in Review. 1995-01-01
ID58740 Morning report. 1995-11-07
ID59191 Morning report. 1997-09-01
ID59215 Morning report. 1997-10-03
ID59231 Morning report. 1997-10-28
ID59237 Morning report. 1997-11-05
ID59262 Morning report. 1997-12-10
ID59436 Morning report. 1998-08-19
ID59706 Morning report. 1999-09-16
IDF101287 Party Political Broadcast. National Opening. 02/10/1990
RNZ
Best endeavours have been made to trace copyright holders and obtain permission for use of copyright material. The Spinoff apologises for any omissions and would be grateful to be notified of any corrections.