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Image: Colin Anderson/Getty Images
Image: Colin Anderson/Getty Images

ĀteaAugust 2, 2018

Understanding the world through whakapapa: introducing our new Māori lifestyle column

Image: Colin Anderson/Getty Images
Image: Colin Anderson/Getty Images

‘Trust the process’ is more than a tagline for self-love or enlightenment. In her first Spinoff column, Hana Tapiata uses the Māori creation story to reveal a blueprint for living well and realising potential.

It’s easy to be grateful when life is good, when everything is going the way you want it to. You often can’t think of anything more, or less, because your blessings are neatly wrapped and flowing to you one after the other. But what about when Tāwhirimātea decides to blow the wind into your sails in a direction you had no intention of heading? When the universe presents those blessings a little differently, like: ‘I’m giving you no obvious signs that it’s gonna get better anytime soon but, trust me, trust the process.. oh, and remember to be grateful and look for the opportunities. K, bye.’

It’s not until after you’ve clawed your way out of the darkness, after being upset at how unfair life is, after freaking out because you didn’t know how you were going to make it work, that something clicks and the bigger picture starts to take shape. You start to see the blessings and opportunities after all.

You reflect on what you’ve been going through and begin to appreciate that if you hadn’t struggled, there would be no depth to your character, no perspective, no compassion. You wouldn’t be who you are today. You might learn you’re more capable than you once thought and maybe there’s something to ‘trusting the process’ after all.

What is that process though and why should we trust it?

In te ao Māori, the whakapapa (process) of creation begins with Io: the Supreme Being, energy and existence itself. Then comes Te Kore, which technically means ‘the nothingness’, but c’mon now, there’s never nothing in life. Te Kore encompasses the space, the formless, the thought, the realm of possibilities, the infinite potential. This potential manifests and evolves into Te Pō – the darkness, the night. In this phase, the formless begins to transform and assemble for the next phase in the process: Te Ao Mārama, the world of light. The physical world as we know it today.

In the beginning of creation, Ranginui and Papatūānuku were in a tight embrace, their 70 or so children between them. With no crowd control procedures yet in place, the children became restless and uncomfortable, devising plans to free themselves from the prison they’d been born into.

Tūmatauenga (atua of people and war) suggested to kill their parents, but was convinced that while there are no dumb ideas, that one was borderline. Each of the brothers had attempts at pushing their parents apart and failed. They pushed with all their might; they dug their heels into the ground and pressed their shoulders up against the sky, to no avail.

That was until Tāne Mahuta changed it up. He laid down on the ground, lifted his feet up and placed them on his father’s chest, with his shoulders firmly against Papatūānuku. The change of position meant he could absorb more weight and generate enough force to push apart and, finally separate his parents. Cue, Te Ao Mārama.

Te ira atua were then free to stretch themselves, to grow and reside over the different domains we know as our natural environment today. From there, we can trace whakapapa down to us, te ira tangata.

Stories such as this have been handed down through generations for a long time. Often they’ve been treated as nothing more than myths and legends. When in reality, my tūpuna wove layers upon layers of metaphor, insight and wisdom about the world, into the arts. They left a literal blueprint of how to live well and how to realise potential. They knew the most powerful and effective way to transfer this knowledge and information, was through storytelling.

The lesson from our creation story that can be applied to almost anything goes:

An idea (Te Kore: formless, potential) > developing phases (Te Pō: takes on form) > actualised and created (Te Ao Mārama, realisation)

Our confidence and willingness to trust what comes our way comes from understanding that we also underwent the same process to come into this world.

Hana Tapiata is a lifestyle blogger who writes about matauranga Māori (Māori knowledge), organised by a new kaupapa at the beginning of each new moon cycle. 

Keep going!
Census
Census

ĀteaAugust 1, 2018

Has the 2018 Census failed Māori?

Census
Census

A lack of consultation with Māori, and less participation in the 2018 Census across the board, shows that indigenous data sovereignty is more important than ever.

You might have heard recently that Statistics NZ has conceded the 2018 census response rate may be down by almost 5%. This was acknowledged as “very serious”. The thing is, it is not equally serious for everyone.

The census is the flagship of the official statistics system. Data from the census is used to make decisions on government funding for a range of essential services. For example, the amount of money district health boards receive is calculated through a population-based funding formula, which is based on census data. This formula is designed to “help equitably distribute the bulk of district health board funding according to the needs of each DHB’s population”.

I am most interested in what it means for equity for Māori. It doesn’t look good. And it certainly doesn’t look pro-equity.

Te Mana Raraunga, the Māori data sovereignty network, recently issued a statement about the census and the need for the government to sort itself – and the official statistics system – out.

With so much of government policy resting on data, Te Mana Rauranga is concerned that the government is rapidly moving ahead with moves towards transparency and open data without thinking through the implications and impacts on Māori rights and interests, and without the right expertise involved.

I see where they’re coming from. Here’s an example of the issues we’re dealing with: recently there have been calls for the public service to get on board with AI and algorithms for targetting services. This is all done with the intention of pushing Aotearoa forward to flourish as a nation. But rarely is there any discussion of who is most impacted (it is often Māori or other groups we call ‘disadvantaged’ without recognising that we are doing that from a position of unfair advantage) and how they can have meaningful influence over the use of data. 

Māori interests are not well served by a poorly executed census. Te Mana Raraunga suggest that we could be looking at an overall Māori response rate to the census as low as 80%, and lower still in areas where there has traditionally been poor census coverage, like Northland and the East Coast. This could impact in a range of ways. For example, the census count of the Māori descent population is part of a statutory formula used to determine the boundaries and number of Māori electorates. If Māori descendants are missing in large numbers from Census 2018, this will reduce the size of the Māori electoral population and, potentially, the number of electorates.

The census is also the primary way of getting iwi data – used by iwi and government agencies for policy and planning purposes and also for Treaty settlements.

The chief data steward should be concerned about this and be actively working to address it. I spoke with Donna Cormack, one of the members of Te Mana Raraunga, who talked about the flaws in the way the census worked with Māori. “There was no meaningful engagement with Māori in the governance of the Census or the overall statistical system,” she said.

“Going fully digital in the census — without fully involving Māori, without thinking through the impacts on Māori rights and interests, seems to have had a negative impact and the weight of this is felt by Māori and other groups. There is no way this is acceptable”. 

Māori data experts are not alone in raising these concerns. Internationally there is real and growing interest in indigenous data sovereignty. Another member of Te Mana Raraunga, Professor Tahu Kukutai, recently returned from a consultation meeting with the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to privacy in relation to big and open data. “People are really interested in indigenous data sovereignty because it offers a very different way of thinking about data rights and interests. There is a growing appreciation of the need to expand the narrow focus on the protection of personal data to a wider conversation about collective risks and benefits.”

It seems a no-brainer that something has to be done. The Chief Data Steward (who is also the CE of Statistics NZ) needs to act immediately to make strengthening the quality of the official statistics system generally, and trust and confidence in the census a priority.

The solution proposed by Te Mana Raraunga is to establish Māori governance so Māori can influence how our data are collected, managed and analysed – is an essential first step to fixing the current problems. It would also be a chance to get imaginative about what creative decolonised strategies there might be when it comes to data collection and use. Imagine what what might be possible in a pro-equity, anti-racist official statistics system. It could be incredible.