spinofflive
Dr. Sarvnaz Taherian wearing the Nous headset that picks up brain signals (Photo: Supplied)
Dr. Sarvnaz Taherian wearing the Nous headset that picks up brain signals (Photo: Supplied)

BusinessApril 27, 2019

The headset that allows you to use a computer just by blinking your eyes

Dr. Sarvnaz Taherian wearing the Nous headset that picks up brain signals (Photo: Supplied)
Dr. Sarvnaz Taherian wearing the Nous headset that picks up brain signals (Photo: Supplied)

In our Q&A series, The Lightbulb, we ask innovators and entrepreneurs to tell us about how they turned their ideas into reality. This week, we talk to Dr Sarvnaz Taherian who’s helped develop technology that allows physically disabled individuals to communicate via blinking.

For most individuals, using a phone or laptop couldn’t be easier. But for thousands of people around the world, scrolling, swiping and clicking can be a lot harder, even impossible, to do. They might be paralysed from the neck down or they might have difficulty speaking, leaving them excluded from a major tool for communication in today’s world.

This is where Nous comes in. Developed by Auckland-based social enterprise Thought-Wired, Nous consists of a wearable headset that allows individuals to control assistive software by blinking. While the hardware for Nous is manufactured by a third-party company, the software is made by Thought-Wired’s multidisciplinary team who have been developing novel assistive technologies for almost seven years.

Now, as the company ramps sales and partnerships worldwide after a long period of research and development, co-founder Dr Sarvnaz Taherian explains how the concept of using brain waves (and blinks) came about.

Thought-Wired
Nous in action (Photo: Supplied)

First of all, give us your elevator pitch for Nous.

Nous is an assistive solution for people with very severe physical disabilities. These are people who are essentially ‘locked’ into their bodies, meaning they’re completely paralysed and unable to move or speak.

Nous uses electrical signals produced by the body to interface with computers. In that sense, a person doesn’t need to have much physical capacity can use it. At the moment, we’re focused on using the electrical signals of the eyes and the brain. Our secret sauce is in the algorithms that interpret and process these electrical signals and translate them into control signals to communicate through computers.

What were you doing prior to joining to Thought-Wired?

I was studying to become a psychologist and I was supposed to be doing my clinical training. But [at the time] I thought that I was too young and immature to become an actual practising psychologist, so I got a job with the Ministry of Health doing the national health survey instead. But I found that really boring and unsatisfying so I was looking for other creative avenues and that’s when I saw Dmitry (Selitskiy, Thought-Wired CEO) post things online about this project that he wanted to start.

Who is the team behind Thought-Wired?

So it’s me, Dmitry, his father Konstantin (Selitskiy) and James (Pau). We all came together initially to do the University of Auckland’s business planning competition Spark (now called Velocity). The idea was to enter this competition and make it in the top three so we could get seed funding. We came runner-up in the competition so we got $25,000 in seed funding as well as three months at the Icehouse… [At the time] the product only looked at using the electrical signals of the brain to access the computer.

How did the idea for Nous come about?

Dmitry’s motivation behind starting this project was because his cousin has a very severe case of cerebral palsy. He’s completely paralysed and he’s been that way since birth so he has no way of communicating with people apart from looking up and down to say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. So that was his motivation: to see if we can use this technology to help people like his cousin.

So what happened next? How did you go about making that idea into reality?

What happened next was a lot of research and development. We found that people had been researching [this technology] for about 50 years but nothing had translated from the realm of R&D into the commercial world. We were kind of shocked to learn that people had been working on this technology for so long but nothing had really happened with it, especially for people with disabilities [since] the main focus in most of the research was to develop assistive technologies to help people with disabilities.

L-R: Co-founders Dr. Sarvnaz Taherian, Dr James Pau, and Dmitry Selitskiy (Photo: Supplied)

It was at this point that we realised we needed to do some proper academic research to look at the translation of this research into something that was commercially available. [So I went back to university and] did a PhD looking specifically at user needs and looking at it through multiple stakeholder lenses. So I looked at the needs of people with disabilities as well as their carers’ needs and their therapists’ needs. I also looked at how government policy and legislation actually impacted how people could acquire and use that technology because that was one of the major barriers.

The other thing that had been holding back the technology from being used by people with disabilities was that the scientists and engineers who’d been researching the technology had been researching it with typically able-bodied individuals. You can’t just assume that type of research will translate to people with various types of disabilities. So that’s another thing we did differently. We worked with people with disabilities from day one to really understand how they would use the technology, what they would need to get out of that technology, and how we would serve them.

Nous is based around the motion of blinking. Where did that idea come from?

That was by accident actually! Because blinking is picked up by the same sensor that sits on your forehead, we’d been using it (blinking) for demo purposes. But through our workshops and user testing sessions, we found that people with disabilities and therapists were really falling in love with the blink access method because it was so simple, it wasn’t tiring to use, and the tech was attached to the person. So whether the person was sitting in a wheelchair or lying down, it didn’t matter, and they didn’t have to be sitting directly in front of a screen to use it.

[It’s also] an easier technology to learn to use than brain interface because brain interface requires you to train your mind. It’s quite an abstract thing, especially for people who can’t communicate, which is why we decided to launch Nous as our first product because it’s a much simpler and elegant technology.

Nous menu (Photo: Supplied)

Is Nous able to distinguish between regular blinking and when you’re blinking to try and communicate with it?

Yes. In order for it to be a comfortable communication system for people, we want them to still be able to blink naturally. So our system learns how you blink ‘naturally’ and then it learns how you blink intentionally. It learns to ignore your natural blinks and only use your intentional blinks to access the computer.

Finally, what can we expect for the rest of 2019?

Our main goal this year if we get funding – fingers crossed – is to amp up the R&D into brain interface. We’re also going to continue to push international sales. We’ve been international since we launched last year but we really need to push this and look at partnerships with other technology companies. [Partnering with someone like] Microsoft would be a dream come true.

Keep going!
trademelove

BusinessApril 25, 2019

What do I miss most about New Zealand? Trade Me

trademelove

Elle Hunt composes a love letter to New Zealand’s online auction site, with which foreign counterparts cannot compare

They looked at the mattress, she and her boyfriend. My two flatmates and I looked at them looking, and with mounting disbelief. We seemed to have reached an impasse.

“Is it soft?” she said, uncertainly. The two of them stood in the open door frame as though our home was dangerous territory that they dared not venture into further. The mattress was propped up against the wall between us. She gave it a tentative pat.

“Not especially,” I said tightly. “It’s as listed.” I already knew that I hated her, and though he had not said a word I could sense that her boyfriend did too. I mean, how couldn’t he? It wasn’t only my time she was wasting.

It had been a done deal, that this “Jacqui” would buy my bed. Its listing on Gumtree had been accurate and comprehensive, the photos well-lit, the price reduced. She had responded promptly with no caveats or questions. Her only concern was that I would be able to dismantle it soon enough for her to pick up that night, around 10pm. For the sake of an easy sale, I resigned myself to spending my last night in Australia on the couch.

Now here we were, stopped, silently, at a roadblock that only Jacqui could see. In my outstretched hand was a bag of bed legs that she had made no effort to take.

Even her boyfriend was regarding her with disbelief. “What do you think?” she asked him pleadingly. The subtext for him was clear to all of us: get me out of this.

He shook his head and laughed, but without humour, as though she dragged him round strangers’ homes all the time. Maybe she did.

“I think I’ll leave it,” she said, addressing the mattress. “Sorry.” Eyes lowered, she quickly turned around and walked out the front door, not closing it behind her but pausing to shut the tiny front gate that my flatmates and I never bothered with because it reached only knee height. The impotence of the gesture made me even more furious.

“What the fuck was that?” said my flatmate.

The whole interaction lasted about three minutes – long enough for her to take an immediate and instinctive dislike to either my mattress or my person. That, or she and her boyfriend were burglars casing the joint. Either way, I was left standing there with a bag of bed legs, a mattress yet to be sold, and a night on the couch ahead of me.

One thought pierced my fog of seething rage, perhaps the only unfair one I’d had all night: this would never have happened with Trade Me.

Trade Me, along with high-quality cabinet food at cafes and some family members, is what I miss most about my life in New Zealand. I had been what one might call a power user before I left for Australia, completing enough trades for the stars on my profile to swell in size. If you had ever browsed its annals and thought “who would ever buy that?”, the answer, up until December 2014, was me.

I had developed the habit in my first year of university. Removed from parental checks for the first time, some of my peers went wild on drugs, casual sex, or instant mee-goreng noodles on leaving their family home. I discovered Trade Me. The best grades I got while I was at university – A++++++, A++++++++, A+A+A+; even, memorably, an AAA+++ – are no less a source of pride for their being absent from my academic transcript.

From the people’s marketplace I procured everything from a larger-than-lifesize ceramic phrenology hand and car badges, to back issues of magazines and half-empty bottles of hair products and nail polish. A month into my membership, it dawned on me: if I was paying money for items that others would throw out without a second thought, maybe someone else would buy mine.

Everything I owned became an auction waiting to be listed. Nothing was too small, too old, too low quality not to have a value attached to it – if it didn’t spark joy, up it went, sometimes for a couple of dollars.

It was not, admittedly, a big profit I was making. Three months after I’d signed up, at a low ebb, tweeted: “I’ve made $10 so far from listing 22 items on Trade Me. Definitely not worth the time and effort … Sigh.”

Once you’d factored in the admin, the emailing, and the schlepping to and from the post office, I was valuing my time at probably less than $5 an hour. But that kind of administrative tedium is what I live for, lending structure and the self-satisfied glow of accomplishment to my day.

It felt like I had a growing empire. Every payment of $4 reminded me: I was a business, man. And the numbers – long before such ego-stoking, peer-to-peer feedback became par for the course with the arrival of the share economy – reflected my unequivocal success: 297 individual members, 312 positive responses. None negative – none even neutral. Put it on my tombstone.

I had some memorable exchanges with those fellow traders, too, kindly agreeing to deliver furniture or passing on always unusable story tips. Once I received a brown-paper package hand-delivered to my flat in Aro Valley: So You’ve Decided to Say Goodbye, a sober book about euthanasia. Days later, I received an apologetic email from the vendor of Auction #370899735 for David Sedaris’s When You Are Engulfed in Flames: “Hey Elle, I just realised I’ve put the wrong book in your mailbox.”

The man to whom I sold a model airplane – as-new, unassembled, an in-joke gifted to me by the friend of an ex-boyfriend – said of our trade: “You should have kept this one, Elle, it’s a great model!”

But every empire must fall. Cruelly, my move to Australia came about so quickly I didn’t have time to purge myself of my belongings on Trade Me. As Marie Kondo knows, the fastest way to get rid of something you don’t want or need is to dump it, in secret, so your friends and family can’t talk you out of it. Making a meagre profit takes time and effort.

In Australia I suffered through Gumtree only when necessary. Its puce brown layout did not facilitate the serendipitous finds in the same way that Trade Me’s did – I mean, when would one ever think to search for a phrenology hand – by seeming to place equal emphasis on dodgy “unpaid content writer” jobs as it did listings for horses or, say, macramé art. And when I moved to the UK, daunted by the bright-white expanse of eBay, where your search is just as likely to throw up a spice rack currently held in a Chinese warehouse as one within a 5mi radius, I gave up altogether. Now my magazine back issues and crusty nail polishes sit idling on my shelves instead of paying for, on average, half a cup of coffee.

A couple of weeks ago I received an email from Trade Me, telling me that my account was about to be closed due to inactivity. I felt a pang of sadness for that period of profit and productivity, perhaps the last time I believed it to be true that the more you work, the more income you make. But then I remembered Jacqui, and figured that it’s possible to waste time as well as money, and that the former may actually be more valuable. Especially when you’re spending all your free time in line at the post office with half-empty hair products and old magazines.