spinofflive
Scenes from the Auckland leg of the Toitū te Tiriti hīkoi
Scenes from the Auckland leg of the Toitū te Tiriti hīkoi

OPINIONĀteaNovember 14, 2024

‘Whaka round, find out’: When the hīkoi came to Auckland

Scenes from the Auckland leg of the Toitū te Tiriti hīkoi
Scenes from the Auckland leg of the Toitū te Tiriti hīkoi

The Toitū te Tiriti hīkoi reached Auckland on Wednesday, seeing thousands cross the Harbour Bridge and walk around the coast to Bastion Point. Lyric Waiwiri-Smith shares a personal account of a day joining them.

Atop Bastion Point, a crowd of red, black and white gathered at the end of what we’ve been told is a history-making moment. Some thousands of us had made the 13.5km walk here as part of the Toitū te Tiriti hīkoi, after coming across Auckland’s Harbour Bridge. The movement, though focused on the growing concerns of Māori, has continued to come back to one ache: David Seymour’s controversial Treaty Principles Bill.

According to the prime minister, that bill will never be passed. Nevertheless, the thousands-strong hīkoi has continued from Cape Reinga, where it started on Monday, and will now head down Te Ika-a-Māui to Wellington. The Auckland leg of the rally began at Onepoto Domain on the North Shore on Wednesday morning, before demonstrators took on the Harbour Bridge, then split into two groups, one of which verged off to Bastion Point/Takaparawhā in Ōrākei, the other south to IhumātaoMany more thousands showed up at these points, and for myriad reasons – they’re pissed off by the coalition government, are continuing the kaupapa from decades past, are simply proud to be Māori or they’re feeling conflicted about their role as tauiwi.

An anxiety that my legs would fail me before I made it to Takaparawhā made fellow protester Herbert Patuone laugh – he’d walked this road before, and further. He was among the thousands who crossed the bridge in 1975 behind Dame Whina Cooper, having followed the Māori land march from Northland, until its end at the parliament buildings in Wellington after 29 days.

“I’ve been an activist my whole life,” he told us, though his kaupapa spoke for itself. Now in his 80s, Patuone smiled as he spoke about watching the work of himself and his tīpuna carried through today’s rangatahi – though governments continue to divide us, we still find a way to come together. He still has hope that New Zealand will see that we don’t have to be Pākehā and Māori, and instead we could perhaps just be people.

Herbert Patuone: ‘I’ve been my activist my whole life’. (Photo: Lyric Waiwiri-Smith)

Once again, Patuone walked the bridge. He held a framed copy of a Gottfried Lindauer portrait depicting his koro, Ngāpuhi chief Eruera Maihi Patuone, with his life written in a small biography adjacent. Eruera was a peacemaker who had also fought alongside Hongi Hika and Te Rauparaha, consulted British authority on Māori policy and claimed to have been among the Ngāpuhi who watched James Cook’s Endeavour arrive in the Bay of Islands in 1769 (which would have made Eruera over a hundred years old at the time of his death in 1872). Only three generations apart, Eruera and Patuone have witnessed the objection to the creation of the Treaty of Waitangi and the mass mobilisation to protect it against change.

Protesters were let onto the bridge in groups of fewer than 250, to try to control the its famous wobbles. But the wind and people power still had the bridge swaying back and forth, sometimes lightly, and sometimes enough to slightly knock you off your feet. If you looked at your feet or the barrier between the bridge’s outer and inner lanes, you could see the ground beneath you move. So it felt better to look at the signs around instead: “Kill the bill”, “whaka round, find out”, “Seymour, say less”.

There were also the constant honks from the hundreds of cars that passed us. Many waved the tino rangatiratanga flag, others stuck out their thumbs and some threw a mana wave, which were always enthusiastically returned. They represented the many people who clearly support the kaupapa, but thanks to the responsibilities of work, family and, generally, life, their presence was needed somewhere else.

The hīkoi takes the Harbour Bridge (Photo: Lyric Waiwiri-Smith).

Not everyone who drove by was so happy to see us. One older Pākehā man, with an arm clutching the wheel of his classic car, stuck his other out the window and flashed his middle finger at us for the whole ride across the bridge. Another man who passed us later on Tamaki Drive muttered something about people who must have enough money to waste their time not going to work. I thought about the notification I received on my phone this morning: “your bank account is overdrawn”.

The hīkoi split into two groups at the end of the bridge: one to Bastion Point, another to Ihumātao. From here, the hīkoi found itself chopped into even smaller groups – rather than a grand march, we were hordes of very spread out people, who gained and lost members along the way. 

At Okahu Bay, just before Bastion Point, my friends and I stopped to catch our breath while our feet and legs, coated with rain and sweat, felt like they could seize at any minute. So to keep ourselves focused, we thought of whānau and tīpuna who might be happy to see us see out this hīkoi. I thought of my koro, Alan Taumata, the first Māori man to work in Government House, and my mum, who would probably just tell me to harden up. That made the walk easier.

Over a thousand protesters made it to Bastion Point (Photo: Lyric Waiwiri-Smith).

Two hours after we had come to the end of the bridge we reached Bastion Point, where around a thousand protesters sat on the grass and watched the Toitū te Tiriti organisers be welcomed by Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei. Bodies slouched and lay down, but faces remained hopeful and enthusiastic. Around the corner, you could cut open and slurp some kina.

By 2.30pm, the rally wrapped up. As one, we made our way down Takaparawhā on swollen feet to swollen buses and traffic. The overwhelming feeling, other than exhaustion, was the belief that we had stood for something that protected the memories of our tīpuna and the futures of our mokopuna. And if not, at least we gave a shit about it.

Only a few hours later, a different march began around Auckland. In droves that resembled an inverted version of the hīkoi, thousands made their way through backed up traffic to Eden Park, where they will shout slogans and wear merchandise to demonstrate their love for Coldplay. We are always trying to walk towards something, whether it brings us a moment of catharsis away from life’s broader issues or a moment that makes us feel like we are standing for something bigger than ourselves. Hopefully the destination is something meaningful.

‘Become a member to help us deliver news and features that matter most to Aotearoa.’
Lyric Waiwiri-Smith
— Politics reporter
Keep going!
A boy and a girl sit with their heads resting on their hands, looking thoughtful. They are positioned in front of a large, intricately carved whare under a blue sky.
Design: Liam Rātana

ĀteaNovember 13, 2024

As te reo Māori grows, so does the search for trilingual interpreters

A boy and a girl sit with their heads resting on their hands, looking thoughtful. They are positioned in front of a large, intricately carved whare under a blue sky.
Design: Liam Rātana

Deaf Māori face exclusion from their whānau and cultural heritage due to an extreme shortage of trilingual interpreters.

Imagine being deaf and at the tangi of a loved one. You stand when everyone else stands, sit when everyone else sits, and stare at the lips of speakers, trying to catch even a fragment of what they’re saying. You see laughter, you see tears, but you have no idea why.

Or picture being a deaf child at a kura kaupapa Māori, watching other children laughing and engaging, with the Māori words on the whiteboard and paper in front of you bringing no clarity. You do your best to follow along, but the songs, games, and conversations are out of reach.

Now imagine an interpreter was there, helping you understand what’s happening. You could join in the kōrero at the tangi, connecting with your whānau and heritage. At kura, words would come alive, expanding your vocabulary and deepening your cultural understanding. You’d be able to participate fully, forming connections and following lessons.

Unfortunately, for many deaf Māori, there are no interpreters in these settings. A severe shortage of trilingual reo Māori interpreters is preventing turi Māori from fully engaging in te ao Māori, robbing them of cultural identity and belonging.

“It’s lonely. They feel isolated. They’re missing out on who they are as Māori,” says Jared Flitcroft (Ngāti Maniapoto), director of Being Turi, a recently released series highlighting the plight of tāngata turi.

The cultural significance of language

The journey of te reo Māori has been well documented – it flourished before colonisation, was brutally suppressed, and is now being revived. Understanding cultural concepts can be nearly impossible without some grasp of the language. Learning a language provides insight into its culture, but what happens when you are prevented from learning the language?

“Sometimes, the deaf whānau say hearing [people] have taken away their mana, or taken away their wairua,” Flitcroft says.

Seven years ago, I spoke to then-minister of Māori affairs Te Ururoa Flavell, who was using only te reo Māori for a year. Reflecting on the link between language and culture, he said, “Ko te reo te matapihi i te ao Māori – The language is the window into understanding and seeing the Māori worldview.” He explained that without understanding te reo, one misses a vital connection to the cultural depth of experiences like tangi and tikanga Māori.

A man with tattoos on his arms and neck is speaking animatedly in a room decorated with traditional carvings and patterns. Several people are seated around him, listening attentively.
Jared Flitcroft is the country’s first turi film director. (Photo: Supplied)

A critical shortage

It’s impossible to discuss trilingual reo Māori interpreters without mentioning Stephanie Awheto, widely recognised as the country’s first trilingual interpreter. Her passing earlier this year left a significant gap in the turi Māori community. Awheto dedicated her life to advocating for turi Māori and developing the next generation of trilingual interpreters.

The National Foundation for the Deaf estimates around 880,000 New Zealanders are affected by hearing loss. About 4,600 people use sign language as their primary communication, and 23,000, including the whānau of deaf people, use some sign language. Yet, there are only 120 certified sign language interpreters in Aotearoa – one for every 38 tāngata turi. According to Deaf Aotearoa chief executive Lachlan Keating, fewer than a dozen of these interpreters can translate both te reo Māori and New Zealand Sign Language. For Pacific Island languages, the number is even smaller.

While not every deaf person needs interpreting services daily, trilingual interpreters are essential for events like kura lessons or cultural gatherings, where they’re often booked well in advance and rarely available for last-minute kaupapa like a tangi following a sudden death.

“There are certainly not enough interpreters to ensure that deaf people have the same access as hearing people to life and everyday things,” says Keating.

Cultural disconnect and lack of access

Beyond the shortage, deaf Māori may not even request interpreters for events where there’s no history of their presence. As Keating explains, they might avoid attending a tangi or marae gathering, saying, “I won’t go because I can’t access, I won’t know what’s going on, so I won’t bother going.” 

This isolation often leaves turi Māori questioning their identity. While some, like Flitcroft, reconnect with their culture later in life, he stresses the importance of early support to prevent lifelong barriers. Young deaf Māori need access to interpreters and culturally relevant resources to fully engage with te ao Māori.

“I know people say it’s never too late to learn, but that’s bullshit – especially for young Māori who are deaf. This lack of inclusion holds them back, and they end up relying on others or blaming the hearing. We need a plan to address their needs and ensure future generations aren’t left out,” Flitcroft says.

The path to inclusive education

For deaf students in Māori education, there is a pressing need for culturally aligned support, including NZSL resources that reflect Māori contexts. Resources like visual aids, hands-on learning, and accommodation for practices like pōwhiri and kapa haka are essential but lacking. 

Compounding the accessibility issue is that interpreter services are billed hourly. Public institutions and state-owned organisations that offer education or training, such as NZ Police Training Services and the New Zealand Army, are required to provide interpreters for no cost to the user, but this can still require lengthy advocacy and effort to ensure an interpreter is available. It’s even more difficult when it comes to private institutions and events, further restricting access to necessary services.

“I would expect that government contracts with training providers clearly require all courses to be accessible to everyone, including deaf and disabled individuals. Just as a ramp or elevator would be installed for wheelchair users, interpreters should be provided for deaf people who wish to pursue training and education,” Keating says.

The way forward

For Keating, addressing the lack of trilingual interpreters is essential. He emphasises that without a pipeline of new interpreters and adequate funding, it’s unlikely the situation will improve. While agencies like the Ministry of Disabled People and the Ministry of Education advocate for better access, alongside mahi being done by the likes of Tu Tangata Turi o Aotearoa and Eddie Hokianga, without meaningful financial support, it is unclear how the interpreting workforce will grow to meet these needs.

“Money is the key – policies alone won’t cut it,” says Keating.

Flitcroft also calls on whānau of turi Māori to increase their support. Hearing families often delay learning sign language, citing time constraints, yet early access to sign language is critical for a deaf child’s development. Basic signs from infancy can create a foundation and groups like Plunket could play a vital role in encouraging whānau to learn early. Consistent sign language interactions at school and home foster a sense of belonging and confidence.

‘He mea tautoko nā ngā mema atawhai. Supported by our generous members.’
Liam Rātana
— Ātea editor

“Deaf children will always be deaf; they won’t just become hearing. It’s about giving them a real sense of belonging and confidence, not trying to ‘fix’ their deafness,” Flitcroft says.

Recently, I attended a reo Māori symposium that thoughtfully accommodated whānau turi. Though not perfect, the organisers were responsive to the needs of the turi attendees, allowing them to participate fully – benefitting everyone involved. Thanks to advocates like Flitcroft, Aotearoa is becoming more aware of the challenges turi Māori face, but there appears to still be a long road ahead to creating a fully inclusive society.

This is Public Interest Journalism funded by NZ On Air.

This article has been edited to acknowledge the work being done by groups such as Tu Tangata Turi o Aotearoa and Eddie Hokianga.