A hand holds a small foosball player figurine with a blue shirt and white shorts. The figure casts a detailed shadow on a textured background, resembling the player's face. Another hand reaches toward the figurine.
Image: The Spinoff

SocietyMarch 15, 2025

The Spinoff Essay: All my daughter’s daddies

A hand holds a small foosball player figurine with a blue shirt and white shorts. The figure casts a detailed shadow on a textured background, resembling the player's face. Another hand reaches toward the figurine.
Image: The Spinoff

The highs, lows and silver linings of single-parenting a toddler.

He lay there prone, unmoving, his dark eyes glassy and fixed on the ceiling above. 

My daughter looked at him, then at me. “Is that… Daddy?” 

I sighed. “No, darling, that’s not Daddy.” I grabbed the man to whom her question was directed and returned him to the kitchen where he belonged.

No, he wasn’t Daddy. This bloke did, however, fit the paternal stereotype of being handy around the home – I’d just used him to open my beer, in fact. Yes, my toddler had asked if a bottle opener – a quirky bottle opener made from a table football player – was her father.

You couldn’t blame her for inquiring. She doesn’t have one, you see – just me, her mum. To the Bob McCoskries of the world, the scene I’ve just set is probably one of dysfunction. A single mother, her fatherless child so deprived of male influence that the poor thing clutches desperately at the only father figure she can find… a bottle opener. A tragic sign of societal decay.

But to me, and to everyone with whom I’ve shared this anecdote, it was pretty funny.

It’s not that I don’t take my child’s non-traditional upbringing seriously. I don’t want her to be confused, or feel like she’s missing out. But what she was really asking was if the bottle opener guy was a daddy, not her daddy. As her language skills have developed, these queries have become more frequent, eventually morphing from questions into statements of fact. “That’s the daddy,” she’ll inform me, pointing to a male figure in the background of a busy scene in a book. “Well, it could be,” I’ll counter. “Or an uncle, or a friend… or just a man.” For the most part, she remains unconvinced. “That’s Mummy,” she recently declared, gesturing to Toby Morris’s drawing of Alex Casey on our threadbare Spinoff tea towel hanging off the oven door. “And that’s Daddy,” she added, pointing her grubby finger at Clarke Gayford brandishing a fishing rod. I could only agree.

Illustration on fabric showing a crowd of cartoon characters, including one circled in red. The characters have varied expressions and are holding smartphones. The fabric appears worn at the top edge.
With apologies to Hayden Donnell

It wasn’t until I became a single mum that I realised how pervasive the traditional nuclear family model is. In pretty much every form of media she consumes, from Peepo to Peppa Pig, Bluey to Baby-bloody-Shark, there’s a mummy and a daddy and a kid or two. So she’s begun to see them everywhere, these nuclear families. It’s progressed to giving familial labels to inanimate objects based on size: a big stone found in the garden is Daddy, a medium one Mummy and a little one baby, a process that has escalated through all manner of items to such an extent that she’s now labelling her own farts (“Daddy one!” she exclaimed proudly after letting rip a whopper the other day – which, to be fair, does track with my experience of fathers.)

It’s not all a barrel of laughs, of course. The first time she said “I want Daddy”, I felt a bit sad. For a few seconds, anyway, until she followed up with: “I want blue daddy! I want pink daddy! I want green daddy!” Toddlers are cute, but they do talk a lot of nonsense. Without giving it too much weight  – really, she could have been asking for a kitten or a unicorn – I explained to her that we don’t have a daddy at our house, but she is very lucky to have her grandad and uncles and aunties and cousins close by. And Christ, child, you’ve got a bloody good mother, I added (not in so many words, and in a more toddler-friendly cadence, I hasten to add). 

She seemed to take it on board, and anyway, it shouldn’t have been total news to her: we have picture books aimed at kids of single mothers who had them with the help of sperm donors. I always planned to be open with her about the whole situation from the get-go, so there won’t be any “big reveal”, but as her understanding of the world develops, her questions will no doubt become not so easy to laugh off – and trickier to answer. I guess I’ll cross that bridge when we come to it.

In the meantime, I trot out the “families come in all shapes and sizes!” line fairly regularly. But aside from my good friends, a lesbian couple with a baby whom we see regularly, she’s very much surrounded by bog-standard mum-dad families. Perhaps I should make more of an effort to broaden her horizons as she gets older, or at least to seek out more “diverse” media so the burden isn’t shouldered entirely by Suzy Sheep’s single mum.

But while same-sex parents have the trump card of having something “extra” – two mums, who wouldn’t want that? – to make up for the dad hole, we just have me, which is a bit harder to dress up as a positive. Truth be told, in an ideal world, she would have a dad. And a lot of the time, I do wish she did, but not nearly as much as I wish she still had a grandmother. We lost my mum last year and Nana was a real person, so the hole is real. The dad is a hypothetical, and, perhaps selfishly, I think more about what I’m missing out on than what my daughter is. Mainly, it’s help with the mind-numbing stuff like swimming lessons, negotiating the tantrums, and going to the playground. 

And even if I had found one, who’s to say that my hypothetical baby daddy would’ve been any good? Of course I know many amazing fathers, but it’s hard not to get a general impression that in most cases, mothers still carry the lion’s share of the parenting.

‘Become a member and help us keep local, independent journalism thriving.’
Alice Neville
— Deputy editor

While it would be nice to share her upbringing with someone else – to have a person who cared about the minutiae of every quirk and every milestone as much as I do – through candid conversations with other parents, I’ve learned that there are upsides to going it alone. Trying to co-parent with a former partner with whom you don’t get along sounds bloody hard. And even if my hypothetical baby daddy and I had stayed together, there’s a good chance our relationship would have been punctuated to a greater or lesser degree by simmering resentment over who’s pulling their weight and who’s not, who let the child eat four mallowpuffs for dinner, who sent it to daycare on the coldest day of the year without a coat, etc. I do see an upside in having someone else to blame, but there’s also a simplicity to my situation: every decision is mine, and that includes every fuck-up. 

But really, the worst thing about the no-dad situation is the awkward conversations stemming from people’s incorrect assumptions – and as far as “worst things” go, that’s pretty mild. It began while she was still in utero and often, I’ll have a micro second to decide whether I can be bothered explaining the truth. If someone who’s come into our orbit for a brief period – a medical professional or a tradie, for example – makes reference to my daughter’s presumed dad, I’ll brush it off and quickly change the subject. On the rare instances I decide to “come out” about my daughter’s biological beginnings, they inevitably feel bad and the stumbling attempt to apologise – you don’t need to, I don’t care, honestly! – is excruciating.

Next time it happens (and it will, as sure as night follows day), perhaps I’ll introduce them to the bottle opener.

Keep going!
composite image of the queen, the cloud 9 roller coaster and people riding bumper boats
One does not go fully upside down – but that’s exactly what Cloud 9 offered (Image: Tina Tiller)

SocietyMarch 14, 2025

A royally good time: The rise and fall of Christchurch’s QEII Fun Park

composite image of the queen, the cloud 9 roller coaster and people riding bumper boats
One does not go fully upside down – but that’s exactly what Cloud 9 offered (Image: Tina Tiller)

In the 1980s and 90s one of the funnest places in Ōtautahi was an amusement park named after the reigning monarch. Danica Bryant revisits the home of Driveworld, Cloud 9, a big maze and other attractions.

Queen Elizabeth II may not have loved rollercoasters, but in New Zealand, we built her one anyway. For Christchurch families, the name Queen Elizabeth II Fun Park – QEII for short – likely triggers vivid memories of dangerous mine trains, wild bumper cars and makeshift excavation sites. And although QEII Fun Park is long gone today, there’s still plenty of fun to have in remembering this iconic attraction.

QEII began not as a haven for thrillseekers, but for international athletes. In preparation to host the 1974 British Commonwealth Games, a brand new sports stadium was constructed in New Brighton, Christchurch. Named after the leader of the Commonwealth, who visited during its opening, QEII Stadium originally housed swimming and diving pools, a running track and a cricket ground. 

After the Games, the stadium became a popular music venue, hosting legendary acts like David Bowie, AC/DC and The Beach Boys. As the QEII complex only became more popular, the Christchurch council brainstormed ways to expand.

‘Hutt Valley, Kāpiti, down to the south coast. Our Wellington coverage is powered by members.’
Joel MacManus
— Wellington editor

By 1980, they’d struck up a lease with amusement enthusiast Colin Wood to operate a small attraction named Driveworld. At Driveworld, families could take model machines for a spin around a mock construction site, combining entertainment with earthmoving education.

Driveworld notably featured Wood’s unique original attraction, the Rollerballs. Rolling aluminium cages attached to three-wheeler motorbikes made for an uncomfortable but exhilarating ride experience. After guests tested the prototype at Driveworld, Wood sold the design to a Japanese company who purpose-built an arena for their own version.

Driveworld’s successful opening compelled the council to expand the stadium’s surrounding land into a fully fledged amusement park. Leasing out land to independent amusement operators, QEII Fun Park opened in 1983, right beside the existing pools.

Unlike most of its competitors, the fun park operated more like a carnival than a permanent park. Patrons bought individual ride tickets rather than paying a singular entry fee. This meant they could freely explore the park without riding, or alternatively, take advantage of multi-ticket deals if they tackled every attraction.

Most of QEII Fun Park focused on appealing to families. Guests could take a swing at mini golf, battle on the dodgems and bumper boats, get lost in a two-storey maze, drive around race cars created at the nearby Paterson Brothers tyre shop, or explore the fort, giant slide and big swing.

The Supercat mascot also frequented the grounds as a walkabout character. Although the Supercat bore a striking resemblance to Looney Tunes’ Sylvester, with his big red nose and black and white fur, he looked just off-brand enough to uniquely represent QEII.

a printout map of the park on red paper, also, the head of the mascot

But the park’s most memorable attraction was undoubtedly Cloud 9, also known as the Runaway Minecoaster. Opening in 1985, this steel shuttle coaster was a simple but powerful beast. The chain lift hill dragged riders backwards before dropping them directly into a singular loop, then the cycle repeated in reverse. It may have been a gimmick, but what a gimmick it was in little old New Zealand. Not only was Cloud 9 the first and still only coaster to operate in the South Island, but it was also the country’s first inverting coaster, tipping riders upside down one year before Rainbow’s End opened their Corkscrew Coaster in 1986.

Cloud 9’s construction process is largely a mystery – there is no record of any established company building the behemoth, suggesting owner Bill Finnerty actually built it in-house. This type of private construction is incredibly rare in modern coasters, due to high costs and the extreme difficulty of inexperienced builders adhering to safety standards. Cloud 9’s only potential connection to any official coaster company is a Zamperla train left with North Island business Mahons Amusements, who theorise it may be the coaster’s abandoned vehicle.

Unfortunately, Cloud 9’s lifespan was brief and extremely troubled. Whilst most coasters last several decades with proper refurbishment, Cloud 9 barely reached four years standing. Rumour claims the coaster failed to meet safety regulations, with guests recounting the ride swaying side to side in the wind, but there isn’t any hard evidence of this. What’s certain is that the council suffered constant noise complaints from neighbours overwhelmed by the roar of the coaster as its screaming riders hurtled down the track.

To reduce the noise, Finnerty neutered Cloud 9’s thrills around 1988 by removing its loop. With almost no photographic evidence of this second layout, it’s unclear whether Finnerty transformed the coaster into a spike where riders valleyed in between two ramps, or merely one steep hill. Regardless, the coaster was decidedly less exciting without its central element. But even worse, it was just as loud as it had been before, leading to Cloud 9 closing in 1989.

Nevertheless, QEII Fun Park continued operating successfully throughout the 90s. Around this time, Richard Smit took ownership of the Driveworld section, working his way up from attendant to owner. But by the turn of the century, Driveworld and the fun park at large were up against the impossible challenge of the council redeveloping the neighbouring pool complex.  They determined the fun park’s initial 25-year lease would not renew past its end in 2005, and quickly bought up remaining attractions to make space for the new pools. 

two children driving a small vintage car and many people at once sliding down a big slide

Major players like the mini golf and bumper boats were the first to go. The playground structures and food kiosks soon followed suit. Driveworld outlasted most of the park, hoping to trade until the lease’s end, but revenues rapidly dried up due to the lack of attractions, causing total closure in July 2000. Themed to the lost city of Atlantis, the new pools opened in 2002, but they essentially replaced the fun park itself, leaving many rides in search of a new home.

Mahons Amusements purchased the dodgems, but they sat abandoned for many years before facing the scrap heap due to age. Private buyers snapped up many items like the vintage cars, while the maze met the grisliest fate, chopped into wood and sold to locals for their personal projects.

Despite the council’s grand plan for the redeveloped swimming complex, QEII’s fresh design would not last long. Although the pool and stadium both survived the 2010 Christchurch earthquake, the next disaster in 2011 damaged them beyond repair. Demolition on QEII’s remnants began in August 2012, making space for two single-sex high schools to open in 2019.

However all of QEII Fun Park is not lost – miraculously, some attractions still survive to this day. The bumper boats and sack slide made their way to Tāhunanui Beach’s Nelson Fun Park. Driveworld’s Richard Smit still operates its mini jeeps at A&P shows and the annual Christchurch Easter show, and he holds onto bits and pieces of the trucks and excavators, gradually documenting his repairs on these historical items with his Driveworld Facebook page.

Though the council reopened the gym and swimming complex in 2018 as Taiora QEII Recreation and Sport Centre, trawling through Christchurch Facebook groups today reveals thousands of parkgoers nostalgic for the amusement park as the real main event. They reminisce on the burns they suffered sneaking onto the giant slide at night, the epic showdowns between parent and child on the raceway, or the mini golf and bumper boats of their childhood stomping grounds. QEII may be long gone, but the memories live on.