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Image: Tina Tiller
Image: Tina Tiller

InternetNovember 29, 2021

All the ways I’ve tried to curb my phone addiction, rated

Image: Tina Tiller
Image: Tina Tiller

Madeleine Holden has tried nearly every technique in the book to reduce her screen time. She rates them all for IRL

Like pretty much everyone I know, I would like to use my phone less. Over the years, I’ve made pretty good progress on this front: in my early 20s I was the kind of tedious bore who’d keep whipping out my phone mid-brunch to check Twitter or Whatsapp; a decade later, I’m only moderately hooked. I still quote memes too much irl, but I can frequently be found touching grass and sustaining whole conversations uninterrupted.

It’s taken a little more than sheer willpower. Tips and tricks for reducing screen time proliferate on the internet, and I’ve given most of them a hoon, with varying levels of success. Here are all of my faves, plus the duds that were no help at all, rated out of 10.

Disable notifications 

What it involves: What it says on the box, really. You can disable and tweak your app notifications in the “Settings” section of your cursed phone. 

Pros: A banger technique with few downsides. Be absolutely brutal: I decided there was no need for push or banner notifications of any kind, a decision I’ve never regretted, and I only left badge notifications on apps where I’m in frequent communication with people I care about (Whatsapp, Messenger, texts). I’m not convinced you need to hear from news, music, podcast, gaming or meditation apps at all. 

Cons: Nary one I can think of. You might hear about a new episode of your favourite podcast dropping three days late, but truly, who cares? 

Rating: 10/10

We’ve all been there. (Photo: Paula Daniëlse)

Screen Time 

What it involves: This Apple-centric feature provides reports on how much time you spend on various apps, with an option to set yourself time limits. 

Pros: About the only good thing about this feature is the hard data. Seeing how many hours you’re wasting away on social media forces an existential reckoning and the problem becomes undeniable. 

Cons: Screen Time sucks. When you’re coming up to your self-imposed time limit, a notification asks if you’d like to continue for another 15 minutes, and there’s no limit to how many times you can abuse this option. After easily circumventing your own limits, Screen Time bombards you with constant notifications and annoying reports about how much you’re letting yourself down. Feelings of guilt and self-loathing go through the roof, as do the hours spent online. 

Of course, Apple doesn’t care whatsoever if you’re addicted to their products, which I guess is why their “fix” is so weak. 

Rating: 1/10

Perpetual silent mode

What it involves: Silent mode, all day every day (or at least, as a default unless you know an important call is incoming).

Pros: This is probably my most controversial technique, because while it’s great for me – I don’t have to hear my phone’s annoying pinging sounds, ever – it’s annoying for people who need to get hold of me unexpectedly. It’s not unusual for me to miss courier deliveries or see six missed calls from my boyfriend an hour ago, when he was at the supermarket wondering if we needed milk. So frustrating for him! So relaxing for me! 

Cons: It’s theoretically possible I could miss a crucial call this way. I haven’t, though, in all the years I’ve been on silent-as-default, and I guess if my sister went into labour or my grandad was rushed to hospital, I would realise… the next time I checked my phone? So like, an hour or two later? It’s a gamble that won’t suit everyone, but it works just fine for me. 

Rating: 7/10

It’s… fine, I guess? (Photo: Ar Ducha Misfa’i)

Do Not Disturb

What it involves: Calls and texts are silenced while you’ve got this mode activated.

Pros: This option technically holds all the advantages of my silent-as-default technique, without the risk of missing a crucial call: there’s an option to auto-bypass if the same person calls you twice within three minutes, and you can carve out exceptions for certain individuals or lists of people.

Cons: Bo-ring! Live on the silent-mode edge! Also, it’s too much admin setting up the exceptions and remembering to turn it on and off.

Rating: 4/10

Put your phone in a basket or jail

What it involves: A bit of a cutesy, Live, Laugh, Love option, the idea here is that you cordon off your phone into a designated “DO NOT USE” area and then leave it alone while you do other stuff. 

Pros: This is generally touted as a social option: everyone puts their phone in the basket so you’re all forced to ~be present~ with each other. This kind of bossy peer pressure might work for you?

Cons: Honestly, this option is a dud. Telling your loved ones to lock their phones in a box gives strong wowser vibes, and if you’re doing it solo, there’s no reason this would work better than willpower alone. You also sometimes want your phone for the useful things it provides (a timer when you’re cooking, background music from your Spotify app) without the distraction of social media and messaging apps. There’s no middle ground here. 

Rating: 1/10

Cull them all. (Photo: ODD ANDERSEN/AFP via Getty Images)

Have a friend lock you out of social media

What it involves: You entrust a loved one with the password to whichever social media platform is causing you the most angst, they go in, change your password, then log you out, rendering you unable to access your own account. I covered this extensively here

Pros: It’s more realistic than self-regulation, and can encourage camaraderie among the terminally online. The shame of having to beg to be logged back in means you’ll need a really good excuse, too. 

Cons: You need someone in your life you trust with your accounts and news of your feeble self-control, and you have to stomach the indignity of pleading to be logged back in, as you inevitably will do on occasion. 

Rating: 7/10

Delete the most addictive apps 

What it involves: Have apps like Twitter, Instagram and Facebook deleted off your phone as a default, and if you really need to use them, manually download, log in, do your thing, then delete again once you’re done. 

Pros: Often you only open an app because it’s there – this avoids that automatic, mindless checking. Plus sheer human laziness means you’ll usually find the download-and-login faff more trouble than it’s worth, which is perfect.

Cons: This one relies on you having the willpower to delete as soon as you’re done, though the process does become oddly satisfying, so it’s not as big a barrier as you’d think. 

Rating: 8/10

Ultimately just a huge pain in the arse. (Photo: SSPL/Getty Images)

Greyscale

What it involves: Drain the colour (and joy) from your phone’s display so that you’d prefer to look at almost anything else.

Pros: It’s easy to set up and really does reduce the pokie-machine quality of your phone.

Cons: It makes reading your weather app and maps quite difficult and taking a photo a little harder, but they’re small tradeoffs for a less addictive phone.

Rating: 9/10

Use a dumb phone 

What it involves: Dig out an old Nokia or flip phone and bask in its lack of features. 

Pros: Your phone isn’t addictive, because it does nothing fun! (Snake game aside.)

Cons: I used a Nokia brick for an entire summer recently, and while it made me feel like a maverick, it was also a huge pain in the arse. You have to press the jelly buttons up to four times for each letter of each text message. You can’t look up anything. The whole exercise makes you feel like smartphones are modern miracles, which is bad when the point is to loosen their grip on you. 

Rating: 3/10

Have you reinvented yourself online? Were you an early viral star? Victim of a scam or catfishing? If the internet changed the course of your life in a wild way, get in touch with us at irl@thespinoff.co.nz. 

Keep going!
Image: Tina Tiller
Image: Tina Tiller

InternetNovember 25, 2021

How Telegram became the extremists’ platform of choice

Image: Tina Tiller
Image: Tina Tiller

Telegram has been identified as a key part of New Zealand’s disinformation ecosystem, but what exactly is it, and why is it so significant? Dylan Reeve explores the messaging app for IRL

If you’ve read much about the current state of Covid conspiracy theories in Aotearoa, you’ve almost certainly seen mention of Telegram. The recent working paper from The Disinformation Project at Te Pūnaha Matatini made specific mention of the rise of Telegram as “the platform of choice for the spread of mis- and disinformation in Aotearoa” and highlighted the lack of oversight and limited content policies as the reason. 

Before we get into just what makes Telegram so popular for this purpose, we should understand what it is. It’s typically described as a messaging application or a communications platform, but what is it that makes Telegram different, and why has it become such a significant part of the conversation around online disinformation?

First released in late 2013, Telegram is a messaging application like WhatsApp or Facebook Messenger. It gained popularity as an alternative to the messaging applications built into smartphones because it offered advanced features, such as group messages and image support, that were often unavailable with default applications when messaging between Apple and Android users. 

Initially, Telegram was not really much different from any other messaging platform. Families looking for a place to house their group chat or flatmates coordinating their chore schedules might choose Telegram. It was like any other messaging service, mostly playing host to the innocuous minutiae of daily lives, and cute cat photos.

And like many personal messaging apps, Telegram took a very hands-off approach to content moderation. In the case of “secret chats”, messages sent on Telegram use end-to-end encryption, meaning it’s not even possible for the company to see (or moderate) the content.

But compared to other messaging platforms, Telegram’s terms of service are astonishingly brief and permissive. The entire thing consists of three bullet points – no spam or scams, no public promotion of violence, and no public sharing of illegal pornography. That’s it.  

Telegram’s entire terms of service. (Image: Dylan Reeve)

A big turning point for Telegram came in late 2015 when they launched a new feature: channels. This development allowed users to broadcast messages to their followers, creating an opportunity for influencers to establish themselves on the platform in a way similar to Facebook pages or an Instagram account. 

Soon after, some alt-right personalities found themselves being banned from social media platforms like Twitter, and sought out a new outlet for their opinions. They found that Telegram’s recently-added channels feature was ideally suited for their purposes, offering an opportunity to broadcast their message to their fans and, with no oversight to speak of, zero risk of being suspended.

As the Maga movement grew during 2016, the popularity of Telegram within the alt-right meant that it was the obvious choice for users and groups that found their rhetoric too extreme for mainstream social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. And not long after that, the QAnon movement followed a similar trajectory, heading to Telegram as an oasis of unfettered communication after sites like Reddit started to crack down.

The adoption of Telegram in New Zealand mirrors the experience overseas, according to Caroline Orr Bueno, a US disinformation researcher. (Photo: supplied)

By the time the Covid-19 pandemic began to sweep around the world, Telegram, which had since added new features like voice and video calls and broadcasts, had become the platform of choice for the US alt-right, Maga, QAnon and general conspiracy communities. They were still widely present on other platforms, but the most accessible and least restricted platform for most was Telegram. 

It was against that background that New Zealanders who were starting to gather on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter to share their doubts about the pandemic and the government’s response also began to establish themselves on Telegram. Gradually, as social media platforms took a harder line on limiting the spread of Covid-related disinformation, the more extreme conversation around these ideas shifted to Telegram.

Sanjana Hattotuwa, a research fellow for The Disinformation Project at Te Pūnaha Matatini, estimates that there are close to 180,000 participants across the local Telegram channels he monitors, although he points out that it’s almost impossible to estimate the real number of individuals, as many people participate in multiple channels.

Regardless of the specific numbers, Hattotuwa is clear about the trend he’s observed, especially in recent months: “It’s gone from around 45,000 in late September to nearly 180,000 today. It’s growing at around 35,000 on average every fortnight. On a graph it’s nearly a 45 degree incline.”

The adoption of Telegram in New Zealand mirrors the experience overseas, according to Caroline Orr Bueno, a postdoctoral disinformation researcher at the University of Maryland in the US. The platform’s growth during the most recent lockdown looks like a smaller scale version of what took place in the US at the beginning of the year.

Telegram had a surge of popularity after the January 6th riot in Washington DC. (Photo: Brent Stirton/Getty Images)

“There was a really big jump after January 6th,” says Orr, referring to Telegram’s surge in popularity after the insurrectionist riot in Washington DC. “On the list of most downloaded apps, [Telegram] went from being like 100 or something, to the first or second most downloaded app. They gained millions of users in a 72-hour period right after January 6.”

It’s not just the number of users that concerns Hattotuwa, but also the nature of the communication on Telegram. “In [the platforms] we study, Telegram is by far exceptional for a number of reasons,” Hattotuwa says. “One is that it features the most violent content today. It targets very high levels of authority and government.”

The platform is also “very gendered,” Hattotuwa continues, and “it signposts a lot of QAnon content — there is a lot of QAnon content coming into Aotearoa’s leading Telegram channels, with every imaginable harm you’d associate with QAnon now pulsating and present.”

While much of the high-profile activity on Telegram plays out in public groups and channels, the platform also facilitates highly secure private communication that is beyond the reach of researchers, law enforcement or even the company itself.  

“[Telegram] is clearly a platform where extremists feel comfortable and generally assume, rightly so, that they’re not going to get kicked off,” says Orr, explaining that public Telegram channels in the US have been shown to work as a recruitment tool for extremists. “It allows for this sort of funnel where you have public channels where anybody can just wander in and see what’s there and engage or not engage. If [extremists] see that certain users are engaging with things, they can open up private ways to talk with [new users], and bring them in.”

A wanted poster featuring Jacinda Ardern circulates on Telegram. (Screenshot: Dylan Reeve)

It’s commonly assumed by the users of New Zealand’s Telegram channels that they are being watched by police and the intelligence services, but there’s so far no clear evidence of this. As yet there don’t appear to have been any criminal cases emerging from official observation of the platform in Aotearoa. To many who watch Telegram, it still feels as though the platform is being widely overlooked while attention remains focused on mainstream social platforms like Facebook, or obscure deep web sites like 8chan. 

Telegram is emblematic of the complicated dual-use nature of internet technology in general, and secure communications specifically. For typical users, it’s an accessible and easy-to-use messaging tool packed with powerful features and supported on all their devices. For conspiracy theorists, extremists and anti-social groups, it’s a perfect combination of secure enclave and public promotional platform allowing them to spread their beliefs, recruit supporters and plan future activities. 

Telegram may not be a household name, but that might change as the platform’s impacts are widely seen in the spread of disinformation and the organisation of disruptive protest actions.