spinofflive
bar pub drinking

SocietyMarch 7, 2018

What we know about assault in New Zealand – in graphs

bar pub drinking

What do deprivation, bar location and time of day all have in common? They all affect the rate of assault in New Zealand. 

It’s safe to say that when it comes to assaults, alcohol matters. In 2009, the New Zealand police estimated that approximately 31% of all recorded crime (including assault) was perpetrated by an individual who had consumed alcohol prior to offending. And while things like proximity to pubs/bars, time of day and levels of deprivation have frequently been linked to rates of assault, the combined effect of these three factors have largely been left statistically unproven in a New Zealand context.

To ameliorate this gap in knowledge, Wellington data company, Dot Loves Data, decided to look at the numbers and expose the reality of assault rates in New Zealand. To do this, Dot investigated data provided by the New Zealand police in conjunction with its Dynamic Deprivation Index (a tool developed by Dot to measure socio-economic deprivation on a monthly basis), population data from Statistics New Zealand, and pub/bar locations.

These are some of the key insights it found:

Proximity to a location serving alcohol is a big deal

Instead of low lit alleyways and deserted streets, 31% of peak time assaults (Friday 11:00pm – Saturday 3:00am / Saturday 11:00pm – Sunday 3:00am) were found to occur within 100 metres of a bar or pub. The link between peak-time assaults occurring within a close proximity of bars and clubs indicates that alcohol is likely to be involved.

However, during off-peak times, assaults are more likely to occur in areas with a high density of traffic generators (fast food restaurants, shopping centres, supermarkets, petrol stations) than in areas with a high density of bar or pubs. This finding suggests that assaults in highly deprived areas are less likely to be alcohol-related as they’re occurring in off-peak times (when people are less likely to be consuming alcohol) and closer to traffic generators than taverns.

Based off 2016 data (Adam D. Ward, Paul J. Bracewell & Ying Cui (2018): Tavern proximity, tavern density and socio-economic status as predictors of assault occurrence within New Zealand: a temporal comparison, Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online)

You’re most likely to get assaulted on a Saturday/Sunday night out

Between the hours of 12:00am and 1:00am on Sunday, you’re five times more likely to be assaulted than during any other hour outside of weekend evenings.

Based off 2016 data (Adam D. Ward, Paul J. Bracewell & Ying Cui (2018): Tavern proximity, tavern density and socio-economic status as predictors of assault occurrence within New Zealand: a temporal comparison, Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online)

The economic prosperity of a location matters

In New Zealand, the highest density of taverns is found in moderate to highly deprived areas (deciles 7 and 8) and the number of assaults follow suit. You’re also twelve times more likely to be assaulted in the most deprived areas in New Zealand (decile 10) where there’s a high density of taverns, than the least deprived areas of New Zealand (decile 1).

Based off 2016 data (Adam D. Ward, Paul J. Bracewell & Ying Cui (2018): Tavern proximity, tavern density and socio-economic status as predictors of assault occurrence within New Zealand: a temporal comparison, Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online)

The number of overall assaults is growing

According to data from the New Zealand Police, 21,861 assaults occurred in New Zealand last year. This is a sizeable increase from the year before when 20,602 assaults were recorded. In 2015 and 2014, there were just over 20,000 assaults per year.

Assaults in NZ per year & per capita (Dot Loves Data)

Serious assaults resulting in injury are increasing at the fastest rate

Out of those 21,861 assaults last year, 3,292 of those were reported to be serious assaults resulting in injury. This is a significant increase from the 2,646 assaults which resulted in injury in 2016, and 2,421 and 2,456 in 2015 and 2014 respectively. Between 2014 and 2017, there was a total of 10,915 assaults of this kind.

For serious assaults that did not result in injury, there were 5,823 reported in 2017 – a slight decrease from 2016 which had 5,944 non-injury assaults. In 2015, that number was significantly less with 5,073 and even less so in 2014 (4916). Between 2014 and 2017, there was a total of 21,756 assaults of this kind.

Common assaults are the most, well, common

The most basic form of assault is common assault, a category 2 offence that has a maximum punishment of up to two years imprisonment or community based sentence. Therefore it’s the most frequent form of assault that occurs in New Zealand, making up 12,746 of the 21,861 cases in 2017.

Types of assaults (Dot Loves Data)

This section is made possible by Simplicity, the online nonprofit KiwiSaver plan that only charges members what it costs, nothing more. Simplicity is New Zealand’s fastest growing KiwiSaver scheme, saving its 12,000 plus investors more than $3.8 million annually in fees. Simplicity donates 15% of management revenue to charity and has no investments in tobacco, nuclear weapons or landmines. It takes two minutes to join.

Keep going!
Actor and environmentalist Adrian Grenier in Air New Zealand’s new safety video (screengrab)
Actor and environmentalist Adrian Grenier in Air New Zealand’s new safety video (screengrab)

SocietyMarch 5, 2018

Air NZ’s investment in Antarctic research deserves to be celebrated

Actor and environmentalist Adrian Grenier in Air New Zealand’s new safety video (screengrab)
Actor and environmentalist Adrian Grenier in Air New Zealand’s new safety video (screengrab)

Air New Zealand’s new safety video has attracted criticism for being filmed in Antarctica, location of the airline’s 1979 crash. But, as NZ Antarctic Research Institute chair Sir Rob Fenwick writes, that shouldn’t take away from Air NZ’s world-leading work to address climate change, in Antarctica and elsewhere.

Air NZ should be congratulated for its investment in climate change research in Antarctica which it has chosen to feature in its in-flight safety video. It sets a much needed example to the international aviation sector where airlines are major contributors to global warming. Many feel airlines should take more responsibility for the impacts of their emissions.

Global warming resulting from burning fossil fuel is the greatest challenge of our generation. As one of the country’s largest greenhouse gas emitters, Air NZ has always acknowledged it is part of our climate problem. But instead of joining other global airlines that bury their heads on the issue, it’s determined to be part of the solution. For this it has rightly earned the respect of progressive aviation experts who consistently vote Air NZ the most sustainable airline in the world.

Research funded by Air NZ over several years helps New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute to better understand the likely impacts of warming ice sheets on the southern ocean and how this may  effect the ocean’s behaviour around the New Zealand coast. This in turn improves predictability of  the risks of sea level rise on our coastal infrastructure.

Among the most strategically important pieces of coastal infrastructure are the country’s many low lying airports including Auckland International Airport that are threatened by relatively small increases in sea level. From a risk management perspective the science in Antarctica makes eminent sense, and begs the question whether airports and their owners should be as exercised about these risks.

Sir Rob Fenwick on the ice (supplied)

In the increasingly complex carbon economy that the global aviation sector operates within, long haul airlines like Air NZ are in a difficult position. Jet travel is a crucial component of modern society. So far a fossil fuel substitute to power jets has alluded the aviation sector despite massive global research into bio fuels, and the prospect of electric planes is still years away. While nearly every new aircraft has a lower emission profile than its predecessors, we are a long way from zero carbon.

Airlines have limited options. The first thing they should do is offset their emissions, as Air NZ does, through certified offset programmes. Passengers can and should voluntarily tick the offset box when they book a ticket online, knowing the financial contribution, however small, is being invested in a bona fide offsetting programme such as a large scale tree planting.

It’s a good start, but is it enough? We share a planet that is getting warmer. With three quarters of all the fresh water on Earth frozen in its ice sheets, Antarctica holds the fate of the planet in its grasp. We know very little about what will happen when the ice sheets start melting. For a country so vulnerable to sudden changes in ocean behaviour, and with its unique connection to Antarctica, New Zealand must show leadership in this research effort.

With climate change research budgets in US shrinking in the prevailing political climate, financial contributions from corporates like Air NZ really can make a difference.

But the big gains come when corporates like Air NZ unashamedly stand up and say openly “we’re part of the problem, we want to be part of the solution. Who’s coming with us?’’ And that why it’s important they put it out there on their safety video. It is to be commended. Let’s see if other airlines have the courage to follow suit.

Businessman and environmentalist Sir Rob Fenwick is inaugural chairman of NZ Antarctic Research Institute and a member of Air NZ Sustainability Panel.


This section is made possible by Simplicity, the online nonprofit KiwiSaver plan that only charges members what it costs, nothing more. Simplicity is New Zealand’s fastest growing KiwiSaver scheme, saving its 12,000 plus investors more than $3.8 million annually in fees. Simplicity donates 15% of management revenue to charity and has no investments in tobacco, nuclear weapons or landmines. It takes two minutes to join.