spinofflive
A polar bear clings to earthen rocks instead of ice

ScienceJuly 1, 2019

An apology from an environmentalist

A polar bear clings to earthen rocks instead of ice

I have worked for the last 15 years or so as a professional in various parts of the environmental movement. And I’m sorry.

I was one of the people who told you changing your light bulbs or buying organic couscous would make things OK. I was wrong and I knew I was wrong at the time. I was one of the people who wrote about the successes of the charities I worked for. I knew full well that we were losing the natural world hand-over-fist. 

I started working for my first major environmental NGO in 2003. I translated the stuff the wildlife boffins were doing into stuff people give money to. The boffins wanted to post out their PhD thesis with an invoice. The fundraisers wanted to send ransom notes with “give us the money or we mince the panda.” I wanted a proper job. I wanted to build myself a future. So I tried for some sort of compromise. 

I flew to the Amazon. I helped investigate a new road for trucking the rainforest out and turning it into toilet paper. I flew to Borneo. I visited the orangutan our donors could adopt. It wisely threw its own shit at me until I went away again. I racked up more CO2 emitting air miles with environmental NGOs than for any other reason.  

I moved to New Zealand and got married. I worked as a fundraising consultant for several global NGOs. I wrote green sections for magazines and newspapers. I saved up for a house. 

In all of these jobs, my bosses told me I shouldn’t scare the horses; I shouldn’t tell the full truth of the encroaching horrors I researched all day. Otherwise, people might give up or — in other words — stop sending us money. 

I complied. I wanted the money. And I’m sorry. 

This is what most of the environmental movement has become. It is one of the major reasons it has failed. I am not about to bore you with page after page of evidence. It’s self-evident. Approach any news channel with any kind of honesty and it will show you the failure with constant updates of catastrophe after catastrophe. 

Being honest about this feels like a kind of heresy. Even now I am using a pseudonym so I can keep my day job in another environmental organisation. That should be a major warning sign. When did reality become so unpalatable that we shouldn’t tell people about it? Since when did so many of us need to be treated like children? Why do those of us who know about these things have to disassemble, distract or blatantly lie about the state of our world?

Eita, Tarawa, Kiribati. Kiribati’s future generations are at risk of potentially lethal sea level rise. (Photo: Jonas Gratzer/LightRocket via Getty Images)

It feels calming to finally open up, if only to myself. To allow what I know to be true to flood in and flood out of me. Because only then can we start to really deal with it on its own terms. It’s now clear to me that “not scaring the horses” is as irresponsible as standing in a burning building selling wet napkins instead of shouting fire. 

The truth is, I don’t know much that you don’t know already. It’s either deep down or, as in my case, a continuous kind of mental tinnitus you notice when things get quiet. 

The Bible had four horsemen of the apocalypse: Conquest, War, Famine and Death. What we are currently reading in our 24/7 news feeds looks more like the final charge of the apocalypse brigade riding those Harley Davidsons with their exhausts sawn off. You have to have your fingers in your ears and sing “la-la-la” to miss it. 

Climate change, mass extinction, topsoil loss, antibiotic-resistant disease, water pollution, air pollution, nuclear holocaust, financial collapse and more are joining the human hunt. They don’t look like the sort of characters who negotiate. 

For many of us, the thundering onset of climate change is what woke us from our slumber. That is the hardest to ignore. The latest comprehensive view from the deeply conservative Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) went something like this: 

“Within the next 12 years, we just need to put aside all our differences and peacefully orchestrate a massive and abrupt slow-down of the world’s economy without destroying it. Meanwhile, we need to pull carbon out of the air with gadgets that haven’t been invented yet, or we’re fucked.”

Maybe I shouldn’t have tried to make a living by campaigning on climate change. Anyone who has made any serious attempt at following the logic through realises we are actually campaigning against industrial colonialist civilisation. For anybody in the industrialised world, this is the source of all our wealth. It’s what pays all our wages. Good luck sawing down the tree branch you are sitting on.  

By now, the Earth’s immune system has rightly identified us as a virus. It’s firing up its antibodies and stimulating a fever to rid itself of the disease. We are like any other organism. Much like bacteria, with access to an abundant energy source — in our case, fossil fuels — we fill up our petri dish. We engulf or expel everything else. When we run out of energy and resources to exploit, the overblown population crashes back to something manageable; or it dies off completely. It’s not evil, it’s just the way life works. 

A rescued baby male Sumatran orangutan, at the quarantine centre of Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme where orangutans rescued from palm oil plantations, poachers and pet owners undergo rehabilitation before they are reintroduced into the forests. (Photo: ROMEO GACAD/AFP/Getty Images)

Of course, we have convinced ourselves that since we have tin openers and smartwatches we are no longer subject to such natural processes. That is a large part of our problem. Today, the imminent breakdown of industrialised civilisation isn’t even a fringe view. It’s all over the mainstream media if you care to look, or even if you simply don’t deliberately look away. 

The very idea of a breakdown in industrial civilisation suggests an interpretation of “civilisation” that is culturally biased and fundamentally wrong. We have been conditioned to believe civilisation is a state of high progress, hence breakdown. This blithely and brutally ignores the billions of people for whom this civilisation is apocalyptic, and always has been. 

Check your history. Every time this particular civilisation turns up somewhere it signals the violent overthrow of the native population and the armed robbery of everything valuable. New Zealand is a textbook case. The ongoing processes in Iraq and Afghanistan are the most obvious current examples.

One of our massive blindspots is that we tend to view industrialised civilisation as normal when, in fact, it’s very weird. The industrialised population exists on a ludicrously unlikely living planet, in the richest 1%, during a period of wealth unprecedented in all of human history. That’s not normal.

I am not wildly successful or talented. I have tended to work in non-management for charities where wages are not high. Yet I can feast better than a medieval king every day of the week. I can buy out-of-season exotic foods from all over the world, and then throw them away when I forget to eat them. 

To think it outlandish to suggest this may not last forever is itself odd. It’s only the depth of our delusion that makes forecasts of a much poorer and more vulnerable way of life seem unlikely. In fact, nearly every other human’s life on Earth, now and throughout history, has been poorer and more vulnerable than ours. We are a culture of Marie Antoinettes, stuffing our faces with cake and idly wondering what that intriguing new scaffold outside might be for. 

The environmental movement was supposed to do something about all that, but it lost its way. 

We were blindsided by climate change, even though we had known about it for more than a century. The only way I can explain that is to quote a Sudanese farmer: when asked why the rich countries weren’t helping to relieve their famine he said, “you can’t wake a person who is pretending to be asleep.”

All of us who have feasted off the carcass of a dying planet bear some responsibility, but those of us who got paid to know what was happening and failed to find a way to tell you have our own special blame to carry. And for that, I am truly sorry. 

From now on I will try to be honest with you.

Jack Thomas is a pseudonym.

Keep going!
Human sperm injected into a human egg cell as part of in vitro fertilisation. Photo: Getty
Human sperm injected into a human egg cell as part of in vitro fertilisation. Photo: Getty

ScienceJune 26, 2019

On infertility, we’re drowning in research. Time to decide what matters most

Human sperm injected into a human egg cell as part of in vitro fertilisation. Photo: Getty
Human sperm injected into a human egg cell as part of in vitro fertilisation. Photo: Getty

A new list of prioritised research for infertility topics shines a light on the areas where a real difference can be made. For too long people confronting infertility have been overlooked in those decisions, writes Cindy Farquhar, fertility expert and co-chair of a new international report

In this digital age, with everything seeming to happen faster and faster, one thing seems to have become slower and slower: having a baby. Infertility means not conceiving after one year of trying. Imagine you are a woman in that position – going through 12 menstrual cycles and each period heralding disappointment. This is surprisingly common. Current research suggests it affects one in six couples trying to have a baby and appears to be more common as couples delay trying to have a baby until into their 30s. However, the age of the woman is not necessarily the main reason for the delay – it may be just that the problem causing the infertility is only revealed once a woman has started trying.

It comes as a shock to many couples seeking to have a baby that treatments such as IVF are not universally successful. For a woman aged 35 years old, one cycle of treatment with IVF using all the available embryos (fresh and frozen) is only likely to be successful about one third of the time. Some women don’t respond to the drugs. Others, more concerningly, over-respond to the drugs, which prompt sickness.

Even if eggs are successfully collected, in some women the eggs will not fertilise and there will be no embryo to transfer. Finally, even if there are embryos transferred then pregnancies may not result. The reasons for embryos not implanting are complex and may include an issue within the embryo or something with the endometrium. And then there is a miscarriage risk which is usually about 15% of IVF pregnancies. There are questions, too, about how long a couple with no obvious explanation for their infertility should continue to try and have a baby before they decide to try treatment.

There’s a lot for would-be parents to get their heads around. And there is no lack of research. Each year thousands of new studies on infertility are published. There are many researchers around the world seeking improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of infertile couples. That may sound great but there has been a lack of coordination of topics or activities. As a result we are drowning in research that is singularly lacking in impact.

Until our current prioritisation project few researchers had involved people dealing with infertility in their decisions to research topics. Crazy as it seems, most researchers select their topic according to what they think will be funded, and funding bodies do not usually require any prioritisation to make funding decisions. As a result there has been no agreement about what the most important topics are. This is a mismatch that is not uncommon in medical research – patients may want an entirely topics for researchers to focus on. This lack of external consultation may result in wasted efforts by researchers.

In the second half of last year we surveyed 700 researchers, clinicians, patient organisations, and people confronting infertility about what they thought the important questions are for infertility.

They suggested a staggering 423 different research questions about infertility. We have now narrowed these down to a top ten for four different categories so really we have a top 40 questions. We did this at an all day workshop at the University of Auckland last November. For me, it was a great process as one third of the people in the room were patients or representatives of patient organisations. We were asked to rank the questions and the discussion were at times really challenging as researchers listened to different points of view from patients.

Our hope is that all future research in this field of infertility will consider this list and seek to fill in the gaps in our knowledge and to improve the outcomes of treatment. We also hope that funders will use the information on this list when making decisions about future funding. We need to stop producing research that is not helpful and instead focus on topics that will make the difference to those affected.

Cindy Farquhar is postgraduate professor of obstetrics and gynaecology in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Auckland