Image: Tina Tiller
Image: Tina Tiller

SocietyNovember 15, 2021

The pandemic and Covid vaccine are new, but mandates aren’t

Image: Tina Tiller
Image: Tina Tiller

Every day, we follow mandates for the good of collective health. The vaccine mandates are no different. 

When vaccine mandates were announced a couple of weeks ago the reaction in some quarters was visceral.

You may have seen people protest leaders comparing the mandates to Nazi Germany, apartheid and rape. You may have also seen people taking part in the Sovereign Hikoi of Truth or Freedom picnics holding signs accusing the prime minister of everything from fascism to communism by way of totalitarianism.

While people are afraid and upset that they might lose their livelihood over their refusal to get a vaccine, their claims and comparisons are not only highly offensive but also inaccurate.

The global pandemic is new and unique, but mandates to protect public health are not.

Ever since its foundation, the New Zealand government has written dozens of laws explicitly to protect the individual and collective health of its people.

Each time new laws are proposed or imposed there have been emotional protests, with people claiming the law infringes on their freedom and arguing that the government can’t tell them what to do.

Remember how upset select pub owners and patrons were when smoking was banned indoors? Despite the few loud opposing voices, the ban passed into law on the recommendation and advice of multiple experts, based on data and investigations proving the positive public health impact would outweigh any negative individual compromise.

When there’s compelling evidence that an individual’s actions endanger the health and safety of others (or themselves), we find ways to limit the harm that the individual can do. In some cases, that is achieved through the implementation of new laws and mandates.

When research showed that X number of workplace injuries happened because of Y cause, or that a major factor in vehicular injuries was drink driving, our government understood the actions needed to minimise such injuries and deaths, and passed laws that made workplaces and roads safer for all.

Research and expert advice are only one part of it though. The government also needs public support to make these policies effective.

New Zealand had mandated the smallpox vaccine starting in the 1860s, but compliance was low with very few children actually receiving the vaccine. However, when the polio epidemic broke out in the 1940s vaccination rates increased dramatically because the population could see first-hand the impact of both the virus and the vaccine.

Vaccine mandates aim to support the majority group (those who are vaccinated) by providing safe workplaces and, more broadly, healthy environments in which people can carry on their lives. However it’s important to remember the mandate doesn’t restrict unvaccinated people from accessing basic public facilities such as supermarkets, pharmacies, doctors and some shops. Unvaccinated people can still find work, study, feed their families, receive healthcare and live their lives.

The limits occur in places where there’s a high risk of infecting others — places like hairdressers, gyms, restaurants, events and some workplaces. Unvaccinated people are roughly 20x more likely to infect others than vaccinated people.

It’s also important to note that unvaccinated people are not being discriminated against based on any intrinsic identifiers such as race, gender, age, religion or sexuality. They are being restricted based on a personal choice, which they can change at any time.

Most business owners will already be familiar with the health and safety guidelines they have to comply with, depending on their industry. There are protective gloves, safety goggles, ladder heights, procedural guidelines and more, all to keep workers safe from accidental harm and businesses in operation. Here are a few more examples of rules we all follow every day in order to keep others safe.

A non-comprehensive list of current public health mandates and restrictions in New Zealand

Indoor smoking ban

You’re free to smoke in private – it’s not illegal – but you’re not free to cause harm to the people around you with second-hand smoke. Laws were put in place to protect the non-smoking majority from the personal choices of the few.

Commercial food safety restrictions

You’re free to grow and cook and clean as you like in your home, but if you’re a chef or grower responsible for feeding others you must adhere to strict guidelines to protect their health. Rules exist to protect customers and keep your business operating.

Drink driving laws

You’re free to drink yourself to oblivion at home or at a mate’s, but the second you get behind the wheel of a car you’re endangering other lives. “I can handle my alcohol, I’ll be fine,” you might say, just as people say “I trust my immune system” with regard to vaccines, but that doesn’t deny the risk that increases with each unit of alcohol in your blood.

Let’s also mention seatbelt laws and driving licences, while we’re on the topic.

Mandated bicycle helmets

I used to hate wearing my helmet as a kid because it didn’t look cool, but the truth is if I’d fallen off my bike or been hit by a car it would have potentially saved my life. Wearing a helmet won’t stop you from falling, but it can make it less likely that you’ll die or suffer severe traumatic head injuries.

Mandated life jackets

Yes they can be bulky and sweaty and annoying when you just want to have some fun on your boat, but they can also be the difference between drowning and staying alive long enough to be rescued. Wearing a life jacket won’t stop you from getting wet, but it can give you a fighting chance to survive a capsize.

Skydiving licences

“But I want the freedom to jump out of an airplane! I’ve seen it in movies, it doesn’t look that hard. Just pull the thing, right? Easy as.” Nope, the government won’t let you do that. You have to take training and pass certification to be allowed to skydive solo.

Worksafe laws and regulations

Don’t you just hate it when the government makes you wear safety goggles so you don’t get a spark in your eye and go blind? Protective clothing is required in a range of industries and tasks to keep you safe from physical harm, or at the very least mitigate any damage in the event of an accident.

Being part of society comes with commitments. We commit to protecting each other, or at least to doing as little harm to one another as possible. The vast majority of New Zealanders have committed to doing the right thing by getting vaccinated against Covid-19; they deserve to be kept safe.

Keep going!
An at-home rapid antigen test, or RAT, for Covid-19 (Photo: Getty Images)
An at-home rapid antigen test, or RAT, for Covid-19 (Photo: Getty Images)

SocietyNovember 15, 2021

Free rapid testing could be the nudge needed to stop the spread this summer

An at-home rapid antigen test, or RAT, for Covid-19 (Photo: Getty Images)
An at-home rapid antigen test, or RAT, for Covid-19 (Photo: Getty Images)

DIY testing kits are set to make a big difference to our fight against Covid – but the key to their success will be making them available for free, argues Rosie Collins, economist from Sense Partners.

New Zealand is swiftly moving to a suppression strategy. That means Covid is in the community, but we are still using some safety measures to slow the spread. This is to buy time for vaccination and mostly to avoid overwhelming our overstretched health system.

To suppress the virus effectively we need to quickly roll out rapid antigen testing (RAT), an easy and quick self-administered test. The alternative, the PCR brain-scrape currently in use, is time consuming, only available at a testing centre, and perhaps worst of all, requires talking to other people – all reasons why someone might avoid being tested if they’ve only briefly been at a location of interest or are experiencing just a mild sniffle

Making at-home testing easy to access is the kind of “nudge” policy we need – it reduces the “sludge” of a test taken in the company of strangers, where results take more than a day to come back.

What is RAT & why use it?

Rapid antigen tests are nasal swabs taken at home which return results in about 15 minutes. They cost about $10-15 each, compared to $130 for a PCR test that goes to a laboratory.

They are less sensitive than PCR tests, which made them less useful during our elimination phase when every case needed to be picked up.

Now that Covid is circulating more widely, we need to make it easier for people to get tested more frequently. The chance of being exposed has ballooned. No longer does the risk of exposure happen just a couple of times a year, like when that guy from Sydney had his holiday in Wellington in June. Vigilance is needed daily.

Singapore, Australia and the UK have already rolled out RATs. A culture of regular testing means far more cases are being picked up. Sure, the less-sensitive RAT might not pick up that you have Covid on Tuesday, but if you test again on Saturday, or someone else from your home does, odds are good that you’ll find out soon enough.


Read more:

What is rapid testing and when is it coming to New Zealand?


Hidden cases

Because of our high vaccination rates, cases are now more likely to be asymptomatic while still going on to infect others. In the UK, 1 in 3 people with Covid reportedly are asymptomatic but infectious.

In Singapore, where 85% of people are fully vaccinated, 98% of cases show no or mild symptoms. Still, a third of their ICU beds are being used by Covid patients.

Our narrow ICU capacity means we’re going to be dancing this tightrope too.

Learn from others 

The challenge we face is making it easier to pick up more cases quickly to slow the spread of the disease. No one wants to make their kids, parents, or flatmates sick.

Here we can learn from others. In Singapore, every household received six free RAT kits in September, in preparation for the arrival of the delta variant. Additional tests can be picked up from vending machines around the city for those notified of potential exposure.

In Australia, rapid tests are available at supermarkets, 5 for $50. In the UK home testing kits are free. They’re encouraging people to test twice a week, as part of their usual routine.

A German pharmacy worker hold up rapid antigen test kits. (Photo: INA FASSBENDER/AFP via Getty Images)

Lean into convenience 

“Nudge” theory tells us we need to make it easy for people to do the right thing, in this case to get tested.

If the process is a bit of a hassle, in contrast, then it is “sludge” design. When there are barriers to people getting tested, it is easier to accept on some level why people don’t, and it can lead to a lax testing culture.

When it comes to testing, we want as little “sludge” as possible to set good social norms.

RATs in every home

Last month I couldn’t get tested at either of the two doctors on my road, so the only choice was to walk 40 minutes each way to a testing centre. I don’t have a car, and Uber is not an option for people who suspect they may have Covid. After a PCR test you must isolate, sometimes for multiple days, while awaiting results.

It’s a lot of hassle and it’s time consuming, so much so that most people won’t be tested regularly on the off-chance they are positive but asymptomatic (and in fact usually can’t be tested under current rules).

It also doesn’t work if you live out of town, don’t trust public institutions, or aren’t able to drive to a testing centre.

When I was feeling under the weather it would have all been so much easier if there were home kits available. Free tests in the mailbox, in supermarkets, and in vending machines would all make a real difference as we head into the summer, when more of us will be moving around.

With free, and freely available, rapid testing it’s easy to test yourself simply as a precaution. I would love to check that I don’t have Covid before visiting my 80-year-old nana. Instead I have to gamble that I’m not positive but asymptomatic.

Get going 

Fighting the pandemic without all the tools in our toolbox doesn’t make much sense. Human behaviour means that if we want testing to be a part of our suppression strategy it needs to be as easy and painless as possible in every way.

If we don’t succeed in suppressing the spread, our hospitals are going to become overwhelmed and we will be looking at new restrictions and a stop-start summer.

The UK hasn’t got much right on Covid, but its antigen testing policy is gold. Free, widespread, and regular rapid testing is the way to go. Suppression will be a bust without it.

The sooner the RATs hit our streets the better.