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PartnersApril 8, 2019

What the heck’s a Crowler? It’s the future of beer, that’s what

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#crowleralert

Fresh from the tap, sealed and delivered to your door – and you can drink some, reseal it and finish later. Welcome to the latest innovation in craft beer consumption.

In 2006, the New Zealand Herald confidently predicted the demise of the flagon. Once a staple of the Kiwi beer drinker, the fill-your-own vessels were going the way of the dodo, according to the story, as younger drinkers opted for more “fashionable” big-name green bottles. Fewer and fewer liquor stores were installing taps, and soon they’d be gone altogether, predicted representatives from Lion and DB.

Oh, how wrong they were. These days, any craft beer drinker worth their salt will tell you that fill-your-own is an increasingly big deal, ensuring fresh, top-quality beer and also allowing at-home drinkers to sample brewers’ limited edition, keg-only offerings.

“It’s always going to be fresher off tap,” says Georgia Davies, Fine Wine Delivery Co’s beer ambassador. “It’s just the way it is. When you’re putting beer into bottles and cans you’re letting oxygen get into it, which is not something you can help.”

With draft beer, however, the beer is going directly from the tank in the brewery to a keg without any oxygen touching it – and oxygen is beer’s worst enemy. “It always tastes fresher because of that,” says Davies. “Also, any beer in a keg is not going to be older than a month, whereas beer you’re getting in cans or bottles will have a six-month shelf life at the least.”

Fresh from the tank to the keg (Photo: Getty Images)

The United States, which has been at the forefront of the craft beer movement since the word go, is where the renewed enthusiasm for tap beer started. That’s also where the word growler – no sniggering, please, it’s the preferred term for the flagon these days – comes from too. Rather than being some trendy neologism, it in fact dates back to the 1800s, when beer was taken home in a pail. Apparently the noise it made sloshing around gave rise to the name ‘growler’.

Growlers come in a range of forms, most commonly refillable glass jugs with a handle and a lid, often branded by the brewery or liquor retailer selling them (you can even get personalised ones!). But in the past few years, another product has been threatening to steal the growler’s crown: the Crowler. The what now? That’s right, the Crowler – a giant can-growler hybrid that was pioneered by Colorado brewery Oskar Blues, which, in conjunction with container company Ball (which trademarked the name in 2014), developed a special machine that seals the Crowler on the spot, directly after filling, meaning it works essentially like a mini keg. It’s opened with the usual pull tab that you get on a can of beer or soft drink.

The benefits of the Crowler, which holds 946ml, are many: these days, cans are generally regarded to be the best material for ensuring your beer remains in optimum condition, preventing oxygen and light getting to your beer. So with the Crowler, you get the freshness of tap beer with the peace of mind of the can. They also keep the beer fresher for longer: with a glass growler, you’re looking at a few days max, but beer in a Crowler should be good for at least a couple of weeks. Being brand new, they also ensure the beer gets to the customer in peak condition rather than runs the risk of being contaminated by a grubby growler.

Crowlers are huge in the States (this is at a trade show in Las Vegas last year) (Photo: Getty Images)

Fine Wine Delivery Co has had beer on tap at its two Auckland super stores since they opened in 2013 and 2015 respectively – customers could buy PET bottles and stainless steel flagons to fill, or bring a vessel of their choice from home.

The FWDCo team was first introduced to the concept of Crowlers through Wellington brewery Fortune Favours, with whom they collaborated on a special beer last year, but they didn’t see the machines in action until Garage Project opened a tap room in Auckland in 2018. “We were really impressed,” says Davies. “We got a couple of Crowlers filled and left one for about five weeks. When we tried it, we were super impressed with the quality.”

Davies looked into getting Crowlers for Fine Wine Delivery Co, and discovered a new innovation: resealable lids. “Obviously the vessels are really cool, but not everyone wants to drink a litre in one go. That’s an issue we have with the glass flagons too – a lot of people have been asking for a 500ml bottle.”

How it works

So they bit the bullet and imported a Crowler machine with resealable lid capability from the US. To their knowledge, Fine Wine Delivery Co is the first retailer in New Zealand to offer Crowlers, and the first in Australasia to use the resealable lid technology.

The lids feature something called an oxygen scavenger, which prevents oxidisation. “When you pour, say, half and then screw it back up, it will actively start removing the oxygen from the air, which is pretty awesome,” says Davies. The resealable lid will keep the beer fresh for a good couple of days.

Sustainability is another factor that drew Fine Wine Delivery Co to Crowlers, says Davies. Cans are a lot lighter than glass, so their carbon footprint is smaller, and they’re infinitely recyclable, unlike plastic. Customers are still welcome to fill any vessel at Fine Wine Delivery Co stores, but they will no longer sell plastic bottles, instead offering refillable glass or stainless steel growlers for those who don’t want to go for the Crowler option (which costs $2.99).

Crowlers are great news for craft beer fans who aren’t based in the main centres or don’t happen to have a brewery close by, as FWDCo can ship them nationwide. Now, anyone in New Zealand can order fresh tap beer online and have it delivered right to their door. It’s not just a boon for customers, either – brewers are particularly excited about the innovation too, says Davies, as it ensures their pride and joy is drunk in peak condition, tasting as good as it did fresh from the tank.

This content was created in paid partnership with Fine Wine Delivery Co. Learn more about our partnerships here.

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Sam Brooke working in the Raman Lab at Massey University (Supplied)
Sam Brooke working in the Raman Lab at Massey University (Supplied)

ScienceApril 4, 2019

WTF is molybdenum disulfide? An expert on why this nano-material matters

Sam Brooke working in the Raman Lab at Massey University (Supplied)
Sam Brooke working in the Raman Lab at Massey University (Supplied)

Sam Brooke is a Ph.D student at Massey, who is working with the MacDiarmid Institute. He talked to Alex Braae about his research, why it matters, and how it became possible to do it in New Zealand.

To be on the leading edge of science, young New Zealand students would have once had to go offshore.

That would have been Sam Brooke’s lot. He’s a top materials science student currently doing his Ph.D at Massey University. The expertise, technology and funding for the work he wanted to do would have been possible in Australia, but probably not here.

But then the MacDiarmid Institute stepped in, offering Brooke the chance to stay in New Zealand. Not only that, they made the sorts of introductions he needed to meet experts worth working with. In a burgeoning career in academia, those sorts of connections are crucial for students to learn and grow. And the MacDiarmid Institute’s reach means that it’s not so much that he’s just going to one university – it’s more like he has aspects to collaborate with five, along with two research organisations.

His doctorate, supervised by MacDiarmid Investigator Associate Professor Mark Waterland and Professor Richard Haverkamp, is on the intimidating topic of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoribbons for Catalytic and Electronic Applications. But as he explained to The Spinoff, it’s actually not so hard to understand why this is a vital field of research for future developments.

Can we talk about what exactly your thesis is about? And maybe start with the first three words? Molybdenum disulfide nano-ribbons?

Right, so molybdenum disulfide is a class of two dimensional material. So what that means is that it has some extended dimensions – imagine a sheet of paper. The thickness of the paper defines one of the dimensions of the material. So in this case, we’re talking about a sheet with a single layer of atoms.

Right, so it’s similar to graphene?

Yes, very similar. And that dimensionality gives it some interesting physical properties. When you take essentially a thin strip of a sheet like material, like a ribbon, that defines it in another dimension. So the idea is that by controlling the dimensions, you can alter the physical properties in any way you want. So you can tailor the material.

So that’s the catalytic and electronic applications part?

Yeah, so it’s a multi-talented being. Molybdenum disulfide is surprisingly good at hydrogen evolution catalysis. So if you look at all the green technologies today, you might see hydrogen being touted as a fuel source of the future, because when you burn it with oxygen you just get water – no pollutants.

Sounds handy.

Yeah, it’s also a semi-conductor material, which means it could potentially be used in electronic surfaces, to make a thin flexible display. And then you can modify the material in a number of ways to change those properties – it’s quite a talented material.

Indeed – is there something about those applications that made you want to study this area in particular?

It was less about the applications of the material, and more about the fact that it was an interesting nano-material. I’ve always been interested in carbon nano-materials since undergrad, and this was kind of an extension from the classic graphene and carbon nanotubes. It’s interesting for a lot more reasons, and it’s great to have a range of goals you can steer the project to if one becomes interesting.

Does that open up post-thesis options as well?

In a way. Because it’s something with so many interesting applications, it entirely depends on where the research goes. Hopefully the thesis will help me broaden the skills, and my supervisor is really interested in following all the avenues. So if I find something interesting, he’s totally fine with me disappearing for a while to follow it up.

Sam Brooke working at a fume hood (which extracts hazardous fumes while working) doing wet chemical synthesis (Photo supplied)

Is this stuff general knowledge around the country’s science departments? It sounds incredibly specialised.

Well, at the very least the things we want to do and research here, and the equipment we need, that specialist gear and knowledge is available in New Zealand. For example Victoria in Wellington has all of the ultra-fast spectroscopy – that’s a technique looking at incredibly small timescales to observe the how electrons behave within molecules and materials. Auckland has something called the Photon Factory, which is a research and development group facility – they do a whole lot of interesting stuff with light and lasers there. There’s hydrogen evolution expertise at both, there’s more optical expertise at Otago. In New Zealand, what we do know, we know very well. Overseas, they can do a lot more things, but they might not necessarily know how to get the best out of those systems.

You mentioned what’s going on at a few unis there, but you’re a Massey student – how does that work?

Well, I can eat and live because the funding for my research comes from the MacDiarmid Institute, and they get together and find cool projects for multiple universities to work together on. All these people might be at different universities, but they’re just interested in doing some cool science, right? Usually that means when you talk to other people from other universities, they have different perspectives that you might not have figured out on your own. The MacDiarmid connection also means you can access equipment from all of the institutions and Universities who are involved with the research.

What does a normal day look like for you?

That’s tricky. Sometimes I might get stuck on a single problem for a day. But over a week I might make or modify some material, so it will typically start around that. So once I’ve made it, I get to characterise it and run some tests on it. That usually involves going to the laser lab at Massey to do raman spectroscopy on it, and that’s one major thing we do. We also have some really good electron microscopes, so that’s another technique. And then it’s basically back to the office to try and figure out what it’s all trying to tell me. Often I’ll write some python code to manipulate the graphs and data, and then I’ll bang my head against the wall and go see what my supervisor thinks about it.

It’s something often asked of PhD students, but do you have any sort of work life balance at all?

Well, yeah, that’s tricky. It depends how much you want out of it, and what your supervisor wants out of it. The university expects a certain amount of time out of you but it’s by no means an unreasonable amount. So it really depends how you manage it – I tend to work really really hard during the week and then take weekends off.

This content was created in paid partnership with the MacDiarmid Institute. Learn more about our partnerships here.